Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
J Membr Biol. 2024 Dec;257(5-6):269-280. doi: 10.1007/s00232-024-00325-0. Epub 2024 Oct 1.
Ion channels are integral components of the nervous system, playing a pivotal role in shaping membrane potential, neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission and plasticity. Dysfunction in these channels, such as improper expression or localization, can lead to irregular neuronal excitability and synaptic communication, which may manifest as various behavioral abnormalities, including disrupted rest-activity cycles. Research has highlighted the significant impact of voltage gated ion channels on sleep parameters, influencing sleep latency, duration and waveforms. Furthermore, these ion channels have been implicated in the vulnerability to, and the pathogenesis of, several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide a summary of the regulatory role of three predominant types of voltage-gated ion channels-calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), and potassium (K)-in sleep across species, from flies to mammals. We will also discuss the association of sleep disorders with various human diseases that may arise from the dysfunction of these ion channels, thereby underscoring the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting specific ion channel subtypes for sleep disturbance treatment.
离子通道是神经系统的重要组成部分，在调节膜电位、神经元兴奋性、突触传递和可塑性方面发挥着关键作用。这些通道的功能障碍，如表达或定位异常，可能导致神经元兴奋性和突触通讯异常，表现为各种行为异常，包括休息-活动周期紊乱。研究表明，电压门控离子通道对睡眠参数有重要影响，影响睡眠潜伏期、持续时间和波形。此外，这些离子通道与多种神经和精神疾病的易感性和发病机制有关，包括癫痫、自闭症、精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默病（AD）。在这篇全面的综述中，我们旨在总结钙（Ca）、钠（Na）和钾（K）三种主要类型的电压门控离子通道在从苍蝇到哺乳动物的各种物种中的睡眠调节作用。我们还将讨论与各种人类疾病相关的睡眠障碍，这些疾病可能是由于这些离子通道的功能障碍引起的，从而强调针对特定离子通道亚型治疗睡眠障碍的潜在治疗益处。
