Babariya Harsh, Gaidhane Shilpa A, Acharya Sourya, Kumar Sunil
Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 1;16(9):e68375. doi: 10.7759/cureus.68375. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are endemic mycoses caused by the species and , respectively. While these fungal infections are often associated with immunocompromised individuals, they pose significant risks to immunocompetent hosts. This review comprehensively analyzes these infections in immunocompetent individuals, focusing on clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies. The current understanding of coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis in immunocompetent individuals includes their clinical presentations, diagnostic methodologies, and treatment options. A literature review encompassed recent studies, clinical guidelines, and expert opinions. Data were analyzed to highlight critical aspects of the clinical manifestations, diagnostic processes, and management of these infections in immunocompetent patients. Coccidioidomycosis typically presents with pulmonary symptoms that may range from mild to severe and can include chronic and disseminated forms. Histoplasmosis also presents a spectrum of pulmonary symptoms with the potential for extrapulmonary dissemination. Diagnostic approaches for both infections involve clinical evaluation, serological tests, culture, and imaging studies. Management strategies include antifungal therapies such as fluconazole and itraconazole for coccidioidomycosis and itraconazole and amphotericin B for histoplasmosis, with treatment duration and monitoring tailored to the severity of the infection. Coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis can significantly affect immunocompetent individuals, with clinical presentations varying widely from mild to severe. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for optimal outcomes. This review underscores the importance of awareness and timely intervention in managing these endemic mycoses and highlights the need for continued research into better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
球孢子菌病和组织胞浆菌病分别是由 种和 种引起的地方性真菌病。虽然这些真菌感染通常与免疫功能低下的个体有关，但它们对免疫功能正常的宿主也构成重大风险。本综述全面分析了免疫功能正常个体中的这些感染，重点关注临床特征、诊断方法和管理策略。目前对免疫功能正常个体中球孢子菌病和组织胞浆菌病的认识包括它们的临床表现、诊断方法和治疗选择。文献综述涵盖了近期研究、临床指南和专家意见。对数据进行分析，以突出这些感染在免疫功能正常患者中的临床表现、诊断过程和管理的关键方面。球孢子菌病通常表现为肺部症状，症状可能从轻度到重度不等，可包括慢性和播散性形式。组织胞浆菌病也表现出一系列肺部症状，并有肺外播散的可能性。这两种感染的诊断方法包括临床评估、血清学检测、培养和影像学检查。管理策略包括抗真菌治疗，如球孢子菌病使用氟康唑和伊曲康唑，组织胞浆菌病使用伊曲康唑和两性霉素B，治疗持续时间和监测根据感染的严重程度进行调整。球孢子菌病和组织胞浆菌病可显著影响免疫功能正常的个体，临床表现从轻度到重度差异很大。准确诊断和适当管理对于获得最佳结果至关重要。本综述强调了认识和及时干预这些地方性真菌病管理的重要性，并强调了继续研究更好的诊断和治疗方法的必要性。
