College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, China; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, China.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Dec 15;363(Pt 1):125053. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125053. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
Fosthiazate (FOS) is a widely used organophosphorus insecticide effective against soil root-knot nematodes. However, its ecotoxicity to non-target soil organisms, particularly in combination with microplastics (MPs), is unclear. This study explores the toxic-effects and molecular mechanisms of co-exposure to FOS and MPs on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) using multilevel toxicity endpoints and transcriptomics. Results showed that both FOS and MPs elevated the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in earthworms' cells. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities followed a similar trend in all treatments, with changes observed at 14 and 28 days, indicating that co-exposure to FOS and MPs increased DNA oxidative damage. Notably, the co-exposure more significantly inhibited Ca-ATPase activity and exacerbated neurotoxicity compared to individual treatments, closely associated with changes in intracellular ROS levels that mediate neuroinhibition and lead to neurotoxicity. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that MPs and FOS disrupted pathways related to metabolism, immunity, and apoptosis, while co-exposure primarily impaired endocrine and receptor pathways, showing higher toxicity. Our study offers novel insights into the ecotoxicological effects and mechanisms of pesticides and microplastics on earthworms, providing valuable data for evaluating the soil environmental health risks associated with compound pollution.
呋线酯（FOS）是一种广泛使用的有机磷杀虫剂，对土壤根结线虫有效。然而，其对非靶标土壤生物的生态毒性，特别是与微塑料（MPs）联合作用时的生态毒性尚不清楚。本研究采用多层次毒性终点和转录组学方法，探讨了 FOS 和 MPs 共同暴露对蚯蚓（赤子爱胜蚓）的毒性作用和分子机制。结果表明，FOS 和 MPs 均能提高蚯蚓细胞内活性氧（ROS）、丙二醛（MDA）和 8-羟基-2-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）的水平。所有处理组的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均呈现出相似的趋势，在第 14 天和第 28 天观察到变化，表明 FOS 和 MPs 共同暴露增加了 DNA 氧化损伤。值得注意的是，与单独处理相比，FOS 和 MPs 的共同暴露更显著地抑制了 Ca-ATP 酶的活性，并加剧了神经毒性，这与介导神经抑制并导致神经毒性的细胞内 ROS 水平的变化密切相关。KEGG 富集分析表明，MPs 和 FOS 破坏了与代谢、免疫和细胞凋亡相关的途径，而共同暴露主要损害了内分泌和受体途径，表现出更高的毒性。本研究为评估与复合污染相关的土壤环境健康风险提供了有价值的数据，为研究农药和微塑料对蚯蚓的生态毒理学效应和机制提供了新的见解。
