美国州级最低工资政策与粮食不安全之间的总体关联及种族差异关联。
Overall and race-specific associations between state-level minimum wage policy and food insecurity in the United States.
作者信息
Freije Sophia L, Wallace Maeve, Chaparro M Pia
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
出版信息
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2025 Feb 10;79(3):153-158. doi: 10.1136/jech-2024-222350.
BACKGROUND
In the USA, states can set higher minimum wages than the federal government. We investigated the association between state minimum wages and racial/ethnic inequities in food insecurity.
METHODS
Household-level food insecurity and sociodemographic data were obtained from the cross-sectional Current Population Survey 2015-2019 (n=189 665 households) and merged by state and year with minimum wage and cost-of-living data obtained from the US Department of Labor and US Bureau of Economic Analysis, respectively. We fitted Poisson regression models with robust standard errors with 12-month or 30-day household food insecurity as the outcome, and minimum wage or inflation-adjusted minimum wage (ie, real wage) as the predictor, adjusting for cost of living, sociodemographic covariates and state fixed-effects. We tested interactions between minimum wage and race/ethnicity and ran race/ethnicity-stratified models.
RESULTS
In adjusted models, the real wage was not associated with 12-month or 30-day food insecurity. Minimum wage was associated with 5% lower prevalence rate of 12-month food insecurity (PR 0.95, 95% CI=0.93 to 0.98) and 7% lower prevalence rate of 30-day food insecurity (PR 0.93, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.96) for all households. The interaction p values for race/ethnicity with real wage and minimum wage were p<0.001. In stratified models, results were statistically significant for minimum wage and 12-month food insecurity among non-Hispanic (NH) white households (PR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.96) and Hispanic households (PR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98), and minimum wage and 30-day food insecurity among NH white (PR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.96), NH black (PR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.99) and Hispanic (PR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.95) households.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher state-level minimum wages, but not real wages, were associated with lower food insecurity prevalence overall and for racial/ethnic subgroups.
背景
在美国，各州可以设定高于联邦政府的最低工资标准。我们调查了州最低工资与粮食不安全方面的种族/族裔不平等之间的关联。
方法
家庭层面的粮食不安全状况和社会人口学数据取自2015 - 2019年的横断面当期人口调查（n = 189665户家庭），并按州和年份与分别从美国劳工部和美国经济分析局获取的最低工资及生活成本数据合并。我们拟合了泊松回归模型，采用稳健标准误，以12个月或30天的家庭粮食不安全状况为结果变量，以最低工资或经通胀调整的最低工资（即实际工资）为预测变量，并对生活成本、社会人口学协变量和州固定效应进行了调整。我们检验了最低工资与种族/族裔之间的交互作用，并运行了按种族/族裔分层的模型。
结果
在调整后的模型中，实际工资与12个月或30天的粮食不安全状况无关。对于所有家庭，最低工资与12个月粮食不安全患病率降低5%（患病率比0.95，95%置信区间 = 0.93至0.98）以及30天粮食不安全患病率降低7%（患病率比0.93，95%置信区间0.91至0.96）相关。种族/族裔与实际工资和最低工资的交互p值均<0.001。在分层模型中，最低工资与非西班牙裔（NH）白人家庭（患病率比0.93，95%置信区间0.89至0.96）和西班牙裔家庭（患病率比0.95，95%置信区间0.92至0.98）的12个月粮食不安全状况之间的结果具有统计学意义，以及最低工资与NH白人家庭（患病率比0.92，95%置信区间0.88至0.96）、NH黑人家庭（患病率比0.94，95%置信区间0.89至0.99）和西班牙裔家庭（患病率比0.90，95%置信区间0.85至0.95）的30天粮食不安全状况之间的结果具有统计学意义。
结论
州一级较高的最低工资，而非实际工资，与总体及种族/族裔亚组中较低的粮食不安全患病率相关。
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