Aldahlawi Salwa, Nourah Dalia, Alturkistani Ehdaa, AlBander Wejdan, Azab Raneem Y
Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU.
Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 2;16(9):e68462. doi: 10.7759/cureus.68462. eCollection 2024 Sep.
This study aims to evaluate the anatomical variations of the maxillary sinus and determine the difficulty score of maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) in Saudi patients seeking dental implant rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
CBCT records of dental patients seeking treatment at a University Dental Teaching Hospital between 2019 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Measurements were obtained from CBCT images, including membrane thickness, sinus width, buccal bone thickness, presence of maxillary sinus septa, residual alveolar ridge height, angle of the buccolingual sinus wall, and the presence of the alveolar antral artery (AAA). The difficulty score for MSA was determined based on these anatomical factors.
A total of 107 maxillary sinuses in 86 subjects were evaluated. The average membrane thickness was 2.23 mm, with males showing significantly higher thickness than females. Sinus septa were found in 54 (50.5%) sinuses, with 18 (17%) of sinuses having interfering septa. Twenty-three (21.5%) sinuses had a residual alveolar ridge height of less than 4 mm. The average angle of the buccolingual sinus wall was 79.39°, indicating a high prevalence of wide-shaped sinuses. The average sinus width was 14.09 mm, with 55 sinuses (51.4%) less than 15 mm. The average buccal bone thickness was 1.07 mm, in 29 (27%) sinuses, the thickness was more than 2 mm. AAA was visualized in 60 (56%) of sinuses, with 45 (42%) of sinuses having AAA interfering with the MSA window.
In this study, most sinuses were classified as simple or moderate difficulty, with higher membrane thickness, presence of septa, and AAA being the significant risk factors for complications. These findings provide valuable insights for implant surgeons in Saudi patients seeking dental implant rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla, enabling them to anticipate and minimize potential complications during MSA procedures.
本研究旨在利用锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）评估沙特患者上颌窦的解剖变异情况，并确定上颌窦提升术（MSA）在寻求上颌后牙区牙种植修复患者中的难度评分。
对2019年至2023年期间在某大学牙科教学医院寻求治疗的牙科患者的CBCT记录进行回顾性分析。从CBCT图像中获取测量数据，包括黏膜厚度、窦宽度、颊侧骨厚度、上颌窦隔的存在情况、剩余牙槽嵴高度、颊舌侧窦壁角度以及牙槽窦动脉（AAA）的存在情况。基于这些解剖学因素确定MSA的难度评分。
共评估了86名受试者的107个上颌窦。平均黏膜厚度为2.23毫米，男性的厚度显著高于女性。54个（50.5%）窦中发现有窦隔，其中18个（17%）窦的窦隔有干扰。23个（21.5%）窦的剩余牙槽嵴高度小于4毫米。颊舌侧窦壁的平均角度为79.39°，表明宽形窦的患病率较高。平均窦宽度为14.09毫米，55个（51.4%）窦小于15毫米。平均颊侧骨厚度为1.07毫米，29个（27%）窦的厚度超过2毫米。60个（56%）窦中可见AAA，其中45个（42%）窦的AAA干扰了MSA窗口。
在本研究中，大多数窦被归类为简单或中等难度，黏膜厚度增加、存在窦隔和AAA是并发症的重要危险因素。这些发现为寻求上颌后牙区牙种植修复的沙特患者的种植外科医生提供了有价值的见解，使他们能够在MSA手术期间预测并尽量减少潜在并发症。
