Animal Free Research UK, London, UK.
Altern Lab Anim. 2024 May;52(3):155-165. doi: 10.1177/02611929241241187.
The Three Rs have become widely accepted and pursued, and are now the go-to framework that encourages the humane use of animals in science, where no other option is believed to exist. However, many people, including scientists, harbour varying degrees of concern about the value and impact of the Three Rs. This ranges from a continued adherence to the Three Rs principles in the belief that they have performed well, through a belief that there should be more emphasis (or indeed a sole focus) on , to a view that the principles have hindered, rather than helped, a critical approach to animal research that should have resulted in to a much greater extent. This critical review asks questions of the Three Rs and their implementation, and provides an overview of the current situation surrounding animal use in biomedical science (chiefly in research). It makes a case that it is time to move away from the Three Rs and that, while this happens, the principles need to be made more robust and enforced more efficiently. To expedite a shift from animal use in science, toward a much greater and quicker adoption of human-specific New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), some argue for a straightforward focus on the best available science.
“3R”原则已被广泛接受和追求，并成为鼓励在科学中人道使用动物的首选框架，因为人们认为在这种情况下不存在其他选择。然而，许多人，包括科学家，对“3R”原则的价值和影响存在不同程度的担忧。这种担忧的程度从对“3R”原则的持续坚持，认为其表现良好，到认为应该更加重视（或者实际上是唯一关注），再到认为这些原则阻碍了而不是帮助了对动物研究的批判性方法，而这种批判性方法本应导致更多的替代方法。这种批判性的回顾对“3R”原则及其实施提出了质疑，并概述了目前在生物医学科学（主要是在研究中）中使用动物的情况。它认为，现在是时候摆脱“3R”原则了，而在这一过程中，需要使这些原则更加健全，并更有效地执行。为了加快从科学中使用动物向更广泛、更快地采用针对人类的新型方法学（NAMs）的转变，有人主张直接关注最先进的科学。
