Bai Yang, Shi Yuxin, Li Xuchao, Zhang Yucong, Wang Yaqi
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
Small. 2024 Dec;20(50):e2406902. doi: 10.1002/smll.202406902. Epub 2024 Oct 4.
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are attracted more attention in the flexible wearable sensors field, however, how to stably apply CHs underwater is still a big challenge. In order to achieve the usage of CHs in aquatic environments, the integrated properties such as water retention ability, resistance to swelling, toughness, adhesiveness, linear GF sensing, and long-term usage are necessary to consider, but rarely reported in the previous reports. This paper proposes CHs prepared using cationic and aromatic monomers along with polyrotaxanes-based crosslinkers. Due to the intermolecular cation-π interactions and topological slide-ring-based polyrotaxanes, the CHs exhibit good mechanical performance, adhesive nature, and anti-swelling properties. The presence of slide-ring-based topological architecture effectively mitigates stress concentration. Additionally, the encapsulation of PA allows CHs to maintain functionality even after 240 days of direct placement at room temperature. Notably, the designed CHs exhibit linear sensitivity in detecting land/underwater human motions, and serve as Morse code signal transmitters for information transmission. Thus, the designed CHs may have broad applications in the underwater wearable sensors field.
导电水凝胶（CHs）在柔性可穿戴传感器领域受到了更多关注，然而，如何在水下稳定应用CHs仍然是一个巨大的挑战。为了实现CHs在水生环境中的使用，诸如保水能力、抗溶胀性、韧性、粘附性、线性应变因子传感以及长期使用等综合性能是需要考虑的，但在以前的报告中很少有提及。本文提出了使用阳离子和芳香族单体以及基于聚轮烷的交联剂制备的CHs。由于分子间的阳离子-π相互作用和基于拓扑滑环的聚轮烷，CHs表现出良好的机械性能、粘附性和抗溶胀性能。基于滑环的拓扑结构的存在有效地减轻了应力集中。此外，PA的封装使CHs即使在室温下直接放置240天后仍能保持功能。值得注意的是，所设计的CHs在检测陆地/水下人体运动时表现出线性灵敏度，并作为莫尔斯电码信号发射器用于信息传输。因此，所设计的CHs可能在水下可穿戴传感器领域有广泛的应用。
