Marceau Kristine, Lee Sohee, Datta Muskan, Robertson Olivia C, Shaw Daniel S, Natsuaki Misaki N, Leve Leslie D, Ganiban Jody M, Neiderhiser Jenae M
Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2024 Oct 4:1-14. doi: 10.1017/S0954579424000968.
Psychopathology is intergenerationally transmitted through both genetic and environmental mechanisms via heterotypic (cross-domain), homotypic (domain-specific), and general (e.g., "p-factor") pathways. The current study leveraged an adopted-at-birth design, the Early Growth and Development Study (57% male; 55.6% White, 19.3% Multiracial, 13% Black/African American, 10.9% Hispanic/Latine) to explore the relative influence of these pathways via associations between adoptive caregiver psychopathology (indexing potential environmental transmission) and birth parent psychopathology (indexing genetic transmission) with adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms. We included composite measures of adoptive and birth parent internalizing, externalizing, and substance use domains, and a general "p-factor." Age 11 adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptom scores were the average of adoptive parent reports on the Child Behavior Checklist ( = 407). Examining domains independently without addressing comorbidity can lead to incorrect interpretations of transmission mode. Therefore, we also examined symptom severity (like the "p-factor") and an orthogonal symptom directionality score to more cleanly disentangle transmission modes. The pattern of correlations was consistent with mostly general transmission in families with youth showing comorbid internalizing and externalizing symptoms, rather than homotypic transmission. Findings more strongly supported potential environmental or evocative mechanisms of intergenerational transmission than genetic transmission mechanisms (though see limitations). Parent-specific effects are discussed.
精神病理学通过异型（跨领域）、同型（领域特定）和一般（例如，“p因子”）途径，经由遗传和环境机制在代际间传递。本研究利用出生时即被收养的设计，即早期生长与发育研究（57%为男性；55.6%为白人，19.3%为多种族，13%为黑人/非裔美国人，10.9%为西班牙裔/拉丁裔），通过收养照料者精神病理学（指示潜在的环境传递）与亲生父母精神病理学（指示遗传传递）与青少年内化和外化症状之间的关联，来探究这些途径的相对影响。我们纳入了收养父母和亲生父母内化、外化及物质使用领域的综合测量指标，以及一个一般的“p因子”。11岁青少年的内化和外化症状得分是收养父母在儿童行为清单上报告的平均值（=407）。在不考虑共病的情况下独立检查各个领域可能会导致对传递模式的错误解读。因此，我们还检查了症状严重程度（如“p因子”）和一个正交的症状方向性得分，以更清晰地厘清传递模式。相关模式与具有共病内化和外化症状的家庭中大多为一般传递而非同型传递一致。研究结果更有力地支持了代际传递的潜在环境或诱发机制，而非遗传传递机制（不过需注意局限性）。还讨论了父母特定的影响。
