Kisku Anglina, Nishad Ambresh, Agrawal Saurabh, Paliwal Rishi, Datusalia Ashok Kumar, Gupta Gaurav, Singh Sachin Kumar, Dua Kamal, Sulakhiya Kunjbihari
Neuro Pharmacology Research Laboratory (NPRL), Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India.
Nanomedicine and Bioengineering Research Laboratory (NBRL), Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 Sep 19;11:1463976. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1463976. eCollection 2024.
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifaceted syndromes with confounding neurological explanations. It includes anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, delirium, dementia, vascular cognitive impairment, and apathy etc. Globally, these disorders occupy 15% of all diseases. As per the WHO, India has one of the largest populations of people with mental illnesses worldwide. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes it extremely difficult to distribute medicine to target cells in the brain tissues. However, it is possible through novel advancements in nanotechnology, molecular biology, and neurosciences. One such cutting-edge delivery method, nose-to-brain (N2B) drug delivery using nanoformulation (NF), overcomes traditional drug formulation and delivery limitations. Later offers more controlled drug release, better bioavailability, improved patient acceptance, reduced biological interference, and circumvention of BBB. When medicines are delivered via the intranasal (IN) route, they enter the nasal cavity and go to the brain via connections between the olfactory and trigeminal nerves and the nasal mucosa in N2B. Delivering phytochemical, bioactive and synthetic NF is being investigated with the N2B delivery strategy. The mucociliary clearance, enzyme degradation, and drug translocations by efflux mechanisms are significant issues associated with N2B delivery. This review article discusses the types of neuropsychiatric disorders and their treatment with plant-derived as well as synthetic drug-loaded NFs administered via the IN-delivery system. In conclusion, this review provided a comprehensive and critical overview of the IN applicability of plant-derived NFs for psychiatric disorders.
神经精神疾病是具有复杂神经学解释的多方面综合征。它包括焦虑症、抑郁症、自闭症谱系障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍、精神分裂症、妥瑞氏综合征、谵妄、痴呆、血管性认知障碍和冷漠等。在全球范围内，这些疾病占所有疾病的15%。据世界卫生组织称，印度是全球精神疾病患者人数最多的国家之一。血脑屏障使得将药物分布到脑组织中的靶细胞极其困难。然而，通过纳米技术、分子生物学和神经科学的新进展是有可能实现的。一种这样的前沿给药方法，即使用纳米制剂（NF）的鼻-脑（N2B）给药，克服了传统药物制剂和给药的局限性。后者提供了更可控的药物释放、更好的生物利用度、提高了患者的接受度、减少了生物干扰并绕过了血脑屏障。当药物通过鼻内（IN）途径给药时，它们进入鼻腔，并通过嗅觉和三叉神经与N2B中的鼻黏膜之间的连接进入大脑。正在研究通过N2B给药策略递送植物化学物质、生物活性和合成NF。黏液纤毛清除、酶降解以及通过外排机制的药物转运是与N2B给药相关的重要问题。这篇综述文章讨论了神经精神疾病的类型以及通过IN给药系统施用的植物源和合成载药NF对其的治疗。总之，这篇综述全面且批判性地概述了植物源NF在精神疾病中的IN适用性。
