Carvey Matthew
Emergency Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 3;16(9):e68525. doi: 10.7759/cureus.68525. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Infectious endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the heart's endothelial lining, often stemming from an underlying bacteremia. High-risk populations include intravenous substance users, individuals with structural heart disease, those with intravascular devices, and those with prosthetic heart valves. In the emergency department, IE is often suspected in patients with a fever, known risk factors, and unexplained systemic symptoms due to systemic thromboemboli. We present a case of atypical IE occurring in an afebrile 38-year-old woman with a remote history of intravenous drug use. The patient's clinical presentation was characterized by systemic inflammatory response syndrome, stabbing-like right lower quadrant abdominal pain radiating to the right lower back and the rest of the abdomen, malaise, fatigue, and an absence of a fever. A CT scan revealed a right renal embolism and an infarcted right kidney, prompting a bedside point-of-care echocardiogram that showed a large vegetation on the mitral valve, suggestive of IE with systemic thromboembolic disease. The patient received broad-spectrum antibiotics and antipyretics and ultimately underwent mitral valve replacement, with good recovery upon discharge. Patients with IE are at high risk for life-threatening complications due to tissue damage from systemic microemboli and sepsis. It is important to identify IE's atypical presentation and risk factors for early recognition, prompt point-of-care echocardiogram, and initiation of treatment. This is particularly important in the era of increased opioid use among our patient population which could potentially conceal an underlying fever.
感染性心内膜炎(IE)是心脏内皮衬里的一种感染,通常源于潜在的菌血症。高危人群包括静脉注射毒品者、患有结构性心脏病的个体、使用血管内装置的人以及有人工心脏瓣膜的人。在急诊科,对于发热、已知危险因素且因系统性血栓栓塞出现不明原因全身症状的患者,常常怀疑患有IE。我们报告一例非典型IE病例,发生在一名38岁无发热的女性身上,她有静脉吸毒的既往史。患者的临床表现以全身炎症反应综合征、右下腹部刺痛样疼痛放射至右下腹及腹部其他部位、不适、疲劳且无发热为特征。CT扫描显示右肾栓塞和右肾梗死,促使进行床旁即时超声心动图检查,结果显示二尖瓣上有一个大的赘生物,提示为伴有系统性血栓栓塞性疾病的IE。患者接受了广谱抗生素和退烧药治疗,最终接受了二尖瓣置换术,出院时恢复良好。由于系统性微栓塞和败血症导致的组织损伤,IE患者面临危及生命并发症的高风险。识别IE的非典型表现和危险因素对于早期识别、及时进行床旁即时超声心动图检查及开始治疗很重要。在我们的患者群体中阿片类药物使用增加的时代,这一点尤为重要,因为这可能会潜在掩盖潜在的发热症状。