Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71F, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
Department of Nutrition Management, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, CZ-161 01 Prague 6, Ruzyně, Czech Republic.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Oct;31(50):60004-60022. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34993-1. Epub 2024 Oct 4.
One of the goals of sustainable agricultural production is to avoid soil contamination by elements defined as trace metals (TMs). The aim of this study was to assess the long-term impact of the use of pig slurry (PS) and NPK mineral fertilizers on the soil content of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). In a 9-year crop rotation, PS was used three times only before root crops. The same four levels of NPK doses (NPK, NPK, NPK, NPK) were applied to both plots with and without PS. Soil samples were collected in early spring from topsoil (0-0.3 m) and subsoil (0.3-0.6 m). Three forms of TMs were determined in the soil: pseudo-total (Aqua regia); bioavailable (Mehlich 3 method) and readily bioavailable (mobile) forms (1 M NHNO). The tested factors did not have a significant impact on the Cd, Cu and Pb content, regardless of the form analyzed and the soil depth. PS application significantly increased the content of bioavailable forms of Zn regardless of the year, and the content of pseudo-total Zn only in the sugar beet year, i.e. after manure application. Increasing NPK doses increased the content of mobile Zn in the topsoil, especially in PS plots. A tendency to accumulate mobile forms of Cd and Pb was also observed on NPK-fertilized plots. Thus, long-term application of high NPK doses may increase the risk of contamination of the food chain with these metals. The content of mobile Cd and Zn was positively related to the content of total nitrogen in the soil and negatively related to pH.
可持续农业生产的目标之一是避免元素被定义为痕量金属 (TMs) 的土壤污染。本研究旨在评估猪粪 (PS) 和 NPK 矿物肥料的长期使用对土壤中镉 (Cd)、铜 (Cu)、铅 (Pb) 和锌 (Zn) 含量的影响。在 9 年的作物轮作中，仅在根茎作物前使用了三次 PS。在有无 PS 的两种处理中，均施加了相同的四个 NPK 剂量水平 (NPK、NPK、NPK、NPK)。早春时，从表土 (0-0.3 m) 和底土 (0.3-0.6 m) 采集土壤样本。在土壤中测定了三种 TM 形式：全量 (王水)；生物可利用（ Mehlich 3 方法）和易生物利用（可移动）形式（1 M NHNO）。测试因子无论分析形式和土壤深度如何，均未对 Cd、Cu 和 Pb 含量产生显著影响。PS 的应用显著增加了 Zn 的生物可利用形式的含量，而与年份无关，并且仅在甜菜年（即粪肥施用后）增加了全量 Zn 的含量。增加 NPK 剂量会增加表土中可移动 Zn 的含量，尤其是在 PS 处理中。在 NPK 施肥处理中，还观察到 Cd 和 Pb 的可移动形式积累的趋势。因此，长期施用高 NPK 剂量可能会增加这些金属污染食物链的风险。可移动 Cd 和 Zn 的含量与土壤中总氮的含量呈正相关，与 pH 值呈负相关。
