Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Kunming, 650021, China.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Nov;370:122654. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122654. Epub 2024 Oct 3.
The partial substitution of organic manure for chemical nitrogen fertilizers, known as organic substitution, is widely regarded as a cleaner and more sustainable production strategy. However, few studies have quantified greenhouse gas emissions, product income and net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB) using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, particularly for typical tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) production. Here, we quantified the yield and quality of a typical tobacco production in Qujing, Yunnan, China, through field experiments and calculated its carbon footprint and NEEB using the LCA approach. Four organic substitution strategies were established with equal nitrogen inputs, including synthesized chemical fertilizer (SN), farmyard organic manure (NF), commercial organic manure (NC), and bio-organic (Trichoderma viride Pers.) manure (NT), each substituting 15% of synthesized nitrogen fertilizer. Compared to the SN strategy, the NT strategy significantly increased yield and income by 10.3% and 9.6%, respectively. In contrast, the NF strategy significantly reduced income, while the NC strategy showed no significant difference. Both the NC and NT strategies significantly reduced NO cumulative emissions (by 15.9% and 8.0%, respectively), increased δSOC (by 38.4% and 15.0%, respectively), and decreased carbon footprint compared to the SN strategy. However, the NF strategy significantly increased the income-scaled carbon footprint, even though it also notably reduced NO cumulative emissions (by 22.6%) and increased δSOC (by 7.9%). The NT strategy achieved a win-win scenario of low environmental risk and high economic returns of tobacco production with significantly increased NEEB (by 10.6%) compared to the SN strategy (37.60 × 10 CNY yr). This suggests that the bio-organic Trichoderma manure substituting 15% synthesized nitrogen fertilizer is the best organic substitution strategy for sustainable tobacco production.
有机肥替代部分化肥，简称有机替代，被广泛认为是一种更清洁、更可持续的生产策略。然而，很少有研究采用生命周期评价（LCA）方法量化温室气体排放、产品收益和净生态系统经济效益（NEEB），特别是针对典型的烟草（Nicotiana tabacum L.）生产。在这里，我们通过田间试验量化了云南曲靖典型烟草生产的产量和质量，并采用 LCA 方法计算了其碳足迹和 NEEB。建立了四个等氮投入的有机替代策略，包括合成化肥（SN）、农家肥（NF）、商品有机肥（NC）和生物有机肥（绿色木霉）（NT），分别替代 15%的合成氮肥。与 SN 策略相比，NT 策略的产量和收益分别显著增加了 10.3%和 9.6%。相比之下，NF 策略显著降低了收益，而 NC 策略则没有显著差异。NC 和 NT 策略均显著降低了 NO 累积排放量（分别减少 15.9%和 8.0%），增加了 δSOC（分别增加 38.4%和 15.0%），与 SN 策略相比，碳足迹也有所降低。然而，NF 策略尽管显著减少了 NO 累积排放量（减少 22.6%）和增加了 δSOC（增加 7.9%），但其收入标准化的碳足迹却显著增加。与 SN 策略相比，NT 策略实现了低环境风险和高经济回报的双赢局面，烟草生产的 NEEB 显著增加（增加 10.6%）。这表明，生物有机肥绿色木霉替代 15%的合成氮肥是可持续烟草生产的最佳有机替代策略。
