Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 4;24(1):2703. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20215-3.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses substantial health risks to both mothers and infants. Malaysia exhibits a heightened prevalence of GDM.
This study aims to examine the changes in the prevalence of GDM between 2016 and 2022 and its determining factors.
The data analysed in this study were derived from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2016 and 2022, a nationwide study employing a two-stage stratified random sampling design in Malaysia. Changes in the prevalence were compared between data from NHMS 2016 and 2022, while factors were evaluated based on data from NHMS 2022. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 27.
The prevalence of GDM increased from 12.5% in 2016 to 27.1% in 2022. In both years, the prevalence was highest among those aged 44-49 years, those of Indian ethnicity, those in higher income groups and those with higher education levels. Advanced maternal age, high body mass index (BMI) and hypertension were associated with a greater risk of GDM.
The prevalence of GDM among the Malaysian population doubled from 2016 to 2022. The findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted programs for expectant mothers in high-risk groups to mitigate the incidence of GDM and its associated morbidities.
妊娠糖尿病（GDM）对母婴健康均构成重大威胁。马来西亚的 GDM 发病率较高。
本研究旨在探讨 2016 年至 2022 年间 GDM 患病率的变化及其决定因素。
本研究分析的数据来源于 2016 年和 2022 年的全国健康和发病率调查（NHMS），这是一项在马来西亚采用两阶段分层随机抽样设计的全国性研究。通过比较 NHMS 2016 年和 2022 年的数据，比较了患病率的变化，同时根据 NHMS 2022 年的数据评估了因素。采用 IBM SPSS 版本 27 进行描述性统计和多逻辑回归分析。
GDM 的患病率从 2016 年的 12.5%上升到 2022 年的 27.1%。在这两年中，年龄在 44-49 岁、印度裔、收入较高和教育程度较高的人群中，患病率最高。高龄、高体重指数（BMI）和高血压与 GDM 的风险增加有关。
2016 年至 2022 年间，马来西亚人群中 GDM 的患病率增加了一倍。这些发现强调了为高风险孕妇群体实施针对性计划的重要性，以降低 GDM 的发病率及其相关的发病率。
