Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Liaquat National Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Exp Neurol. 2024 Dec;382:114984. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114984. Epub 2024 Oct 3.
This review explores the neuroinflammatory pathways underlying COVID-19-induced central nervous system (CNS) injury, with a focus on mechanisms of brain damage and strategies for prevention. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to summarize current knowledge on the pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 reaches the brain, the neuroinflammatory responses triggered by viral infection, neurological symptoms and long COVID. Results: We discuss the mechanisms of neuroinflammation in COVID-19, including blood-brain barrier disruption, cytokine storm, microglial activation, and peripheral immune cell infiltration. Additionally, we highlight potential strategies for preventing CNS injury, including pharmacological interventions, immunomodulatory therapies, and lifestyle modifications. Conclusively, Understanding the neuroinflammatory pathways in COVID-19-induced CNS injury is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies to protect brain health during and after viral infection.
本综述探讨了 COVID-19 引起的中枢神经系统（CNS）损伤的神经炎症途径，重点关注脑损伤机制和预防策略。通过全面的文献综述，总结了 SARS-CoV-2 到达大脑的途径、病毒感染引发的神经炎症反应、神经症状和长 COVID 方面的现有知识。结果：我们讨论了 COVID-19 中的神经炎症机制，包括血脑屏障破坏、细胞因子风暴、小胶质细胞激活和外周免疫细胞浸润。此外，我们还强调了预防 CNS 损伤的潜在策略，包括药物干预、免疫调节疗法和生活方式改变。总之，了解 COVID-19 引起的 CNS 损伤中的神经炎症途径对于制定有效的预防和治疗策略至关重要，以在病毒感染期间和之后保护大脑健康。
