Evaluating Micro-computed Tomography in Dental Implant Osseointegration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES

The success of dental implants is heavily dependent on the implant's efficient integration with the surrounding bone, a process known as osseointegration. This integration is influenced by a range of individual characteristics of each patient, as well as the accuracy of diagnostic imaging techniques. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is capable of capturing detailed three-dimensional images with high resolution. It may offer superior capabilities for assessing the connections between bones and implants compared to older techniques such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral radiography. This systematic review will discuss the uses of micro-CT in dental implant osseointegration, compare it to other radiography methods, and discuss it's effect on patients, especially those with previous history of periodontal disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This research performed an extensive search across multiple databases, choosing papers based on specific criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The study focus was on using micro-CT to evaluate bone osseointegration. Meta-analyses were conducted to measure the impact of micro-CT on bone loss and the success rates of implants, while comparing various surgical procedures and depths of implantation. This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42023482747.

RESULTS

The result of this study comprised 28 papers, incorporating a meta-analysis of 8. It emphasized the exceptional spatial resolution of micro-CT, which enables accurate assessments of bone volume and density, crucial factors for implant success. Micro-CT, when compared to CBCT and intraoral radiography, provides more comprehensive information, but it faces limitations due to its elevated expenses and radiation exposure. The analysis also indicated that micro-CT could be particularly advantageous in tailored therapy planning, particularly for patients with impaired conditions. Systemic factors like diabetes or periodontal disease can cause bone conditions.

CONCLUSION

Micro-CT is a highly advanced imaging technique that offers extensive information about dental implants, which is essential for evaluating osseointegration. Although micro-CT has several limitations, it has the capacity to improve clinical outcomes by providing more accurate diagnoses and tailored implant techniques. Subsequent investigations should focus on assessing its cost-effectiveness and establishing protocols to mitigate radiation exposure.