Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
J Atten Disord. 2025 Jan;29(1):29-41. doi: 10.1177/10870547241288344. Epub 2024 Oct 6.
Parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) endorse increased parenting stress and lower levels of parenting efficacy and satisfaction as compared to parents of children without ADHD. Additionally, maternal ADHD and depression differentiate children with and without ADHD, with children with ADHD being more likely to have a mother with psychopathology.
With a focus on an understudied population, we investigated the extent to which maternal self-reported ADHD and depression were associated with self-reported parenting stress and parenting cognitions in 70 Black mothers of children with (maternal age = 35.52, = 6.49) and without ADHD (maternal age = 35.39, = 6.53) recruited from a metropolitan area in the southeastern United States.
Analyses indicated that Black mothers of children with ADHD reported higher levels of parenting stress, lower levels of parenting efficacy, and lower levels of parenting satisfaction. However, there were no significant differences between groups on measures of maternal ADHD or depression. Maternal depression significantly accounted for variability in both parenting satisfaction and parenting stress beyond child ADHD and maternal education. With maternal depression in the models, the association between maternal ADHD and parenting stress and parenting satisfaction lost significance.
Given the racial disparities in the treatment of ADHD, future research should focus on investigating the linkages between maternal depression, parenting stress, parenting satisfaction, and parenting behaviors in Black mothers in order to delineate whether there are cultural adaptations that may improve treatment utilization rates for child ADHD within this population.
与没有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童的父母相比，患有 ADHD 儿童的父母会经历更高的育儿压力，以及更低的育儿效能感和满意度。此外，母亲的 ADHD 和抑郁症会将患有 ADHD 和没有 ADHD 的儿童区分开来，患有 ADHD 的儿童的母亲更有可能患有精神病理学。
我们关注的是一个研究不足的人群，调查了 70 名来自美国东南部大都市区的患有 ADHD（母亲年龄=35.52，SD=6.49）和没有 ADHD（母亲年龄=35.39，SD=6.53）的儿童的黑人母亲中，母亲自我报告的 ADHD 和抑郁症与自我报告的育儿压力和育儿认知之间的关联程度。
分析表明，患有 ADHD 的儿童的黑人母亲报告了更高水平的育儿压力、更低水平的育儿效能感和更低水平的育儿满意度。然而，两组在母亲 ADHD 或抑郁的测量上没有显著差异。母亲抑郁显著解释了除了儿童 ADHD 和母亲教育之外，育儿满意度和育儿压力的变异性。在模型中纳入母亲抑郁后，母亲 ADHD 与育儿压力和育儿满意度之间的关联失去了意义。
鉴于 ADHD 治疗中的种族差异，未来的研究应集中在调查黑人母亲中母亲抑郁、育儿压力、育儿满意度和育儿行为之间的联系，以确定是否存在文化适应可能会提高该人群中儿童 ADHD 的治疗使用率。
