Yang Sasha, Gu Jinxing, Dai Baiqian, Zhang Lian
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
ChemSusChem. 2025 Feb 16;18(4):e202401115. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202401115. Epub 2024 Nov 8.
The transformation of renewable bio-oil into value-added chemicals and bio-oil through catalytic processes embodies an efficient approach within the realm of advancing sustainable energy. Spinel-based catalysts have garnered significant attention owing to their ability to precisely tune metals within the framework, thereby facilitating adjustments to structural, physical, and electronic properties, coupled with their remarkable thermal stability. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in spinel-based catalysts tailored specifically for upgrading bio-oil. Its objective is to shed light on their potential to address the limitations of conventional catalysts, thereby advancing sustainable biofuel production. Initially, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on different metal oxide composites in terms of their similarity and dissimilarity on properties. Subsequently, the synthesis methodologies of spinels are scrutinised and potential avenues for their modification are explored. Following this, an in-depth discussion ensues regarding the utilisation of spinels as catalysts or catalyst precursors for catalytic cracking, ketonisation, catalytic hydrodeoxygenation, steam and aqueous-phase reforming, as well as electrocatalytic upgrading of bio-oil, with a specific emphasis on elucidating their catalytic reactivity, and underlying structure-activity correlation and catalysis mechanisms. Finally, the challenges and potential prospects in utilising spinels for the catalytic valorisation of renewable biofuel are addressed, with a specific focus on the use of machine learning - based approaches to optimise the structure and activity of spinel catalysts. This review aims to provide specific directions for further exploration and maximisation of the spinel catalysts in the bio-oil upgrading field.
通过催化过程将可再生生物油转化为增值化学品和生物油，是推进可持续能源领域的一种有效方法。基于尖晶石的催化剂因其能够在骨架内精确调节金属，从而便于调整结构、物理和电子性能，以及具有出色的热稳定性而备受关注。本综述旨在全面概述专门用于生物油升级的基于尖晶石的催化剂的最新进展。其目的是阐明它们解决传统催化剂局限性的潜力，从而推动可持续生物燃料的生产。首先，对不同金属氧化物复合材料在性质上的异同进行了全面分析。随后，对尖晶石的合成方法进行了详细审查，并探索了其改性的潜在途径。在此之后，深入讨论了尖晶石作为催化剂或催化剂前体在催化裂化、酮化、催化加氢脱氧、蒸汽和水相重整以及生物油电催化升级中的应用，特别强调阐明其催化反应性、潜在的结构-活性关系和催化机理。最后，探讨了利用尖晶石进行可再生生物燃料催化增值的挑战和潜在前景，特别关注基于机器学习的方法在优化尖晶石催化剂结构和活性方面的应用。本综述旨在为生物油升级领域中进一步探索和最大化利用尖晶石催化剂提供具体方向。
