屏幕时间与心理健康：青少年大脑认知发展研究的前瞻性分析。
Screen time and mental health: a prospective analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 7;24(1):2686. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20102-x.
BACKGROUND
Despite the ubiquity of adolescent screen use, there are limited longitudinal studies that examine the prospective relationships between screen time and child behavioral problems in a large, diverse nationwide sample of adolescents in the United States, which was the objective of the current study.
METHODS
We analyzed cohort data of 9,538 adolescents (9-10 years at baseline in 2016-2018) with two years of follow-up from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. We used mixed-effects models to analyze associations between baseline self-reported screen time and parent-reported mental health symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist, with random effects adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, household income, parent education, and study site. We tested for effect modification by sex and race/ethnicity.
RESULTS
The sample was 48.8% female and racially/ethnically diverse (47.6% racial/ethnic minority). Higher total screen time was associated with all mental health symptoms in adjusted models, and the association was strongest for depressive (B = 0.10, 95% CI 0.06, 0.13, p < 0.001), conduct (B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.03, 0.10, p < 0.001), somatic (B = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01, 0.11, p = 0.026), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms (B = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01, 0.10, p = 0.013). The specific screen types with the greatest associations with depressive symptoms included video chat, texting, videos, and video games. The association between screen time and depressive, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, and oppositional defiant symptoms was stronger among White compared to Black adolescents. The association between screen time and depressive symptoms was stronger among White compared to Asian adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS
Screen time is prospectively associated with a range of mental health symptoms, especially depressive symptoms, though effect sizes are small. Video chat, texting, videos, and video games were the screen types with the greatest associations with depressive symptoms. Future research should examine potential mechanisms linking screen use with child behavior problems.
背景
尽管青少年普遍使用屏幕，但在美国一个大型、多样化的全国青少年样本中，很少有纵向研究考察屏幕时间与儿童行为问题之间的前瞻性关系，这是当前研究的目的。
方法
我们分析了来自青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究的 9538 名青少年（2016-2018 年基线时 9-10 岁）的队列数据，该研究有两年的随访。我们使用混合效应模型，根据年龄、性别、种族/民族、家庭收入、父母教育程度和研究地点，对基线时自我报告的屏幕时间与父母报告的心理健康症状（使用儿童行为检查表）之间的关联进行分析。我们测试了性别和种族/民族的调节作用。
结果
该样本中 48.8%为女性，种族/民族多样（47.6%为少数民族）。在调整后的模型中，总屏幕时间越高与所有心理健康症状相关，与抑郁症状的关联最强（B=0.10，95%置信区间 0.06，0.13，p<0.001），与行为问题（B=0.07，95%置信区间 0.03，0.10，p<0.001）、躯体问题（B=0.06，95%置信区间 0.01，0.11，p=0.026）和注意缺陷/多动症状（B=0.06，95%置信区间 0.01，0.10，p=0.013）。与抑郁症状关联最强的特定屏幕类型包括视频聊天、短信、视频和视频游戏。与白人青少年相比，黑人和亚裔青少年的屏幕时间与抑郁、注意缺陷/多动和对立违抗性症状的关联更强。与白人青少年相比，屏幕时间与抑郁症状的关联在亚裔青少年中更强。
结论
屏幕时间与一系列心理健康症状呈前瞻性相关，尤其是抑郁症状，尽管效应量较小。视频聊天、短信、视频和视频游戏是与抑郁症状关联最强的屏幕类型。未来的研究应该检查屏幕使用与儿童行为问题之间潜在的联系机制。
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