Colita Eugen, Mateescu Valentin Octavian, Olaru Denisa-Greta, Popa-Wagner Aurel
Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania.
Curr Health Sci J. 2024 Apr-Jun;50(2):170-180. doi: 10.12865/CHSJ.50.02.02. Epub 2024 Jun 30.
Aging is the primary risk factor for cognitive decline, impacting multiple cognitive domains and significantly elevating the risk of conditions such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia. In addition to aging, several diseases contribute to cognitive decline. Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, leads to the loss of neurons and synapses in the brain, resulting in a profound decline in cognitive abilities and functional capacity. Several studies provide compelling evidence that modifiable lifestyle factors play a crucial role in influencing cognitive health. Adopting healthier behaviors has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Genetic factors also play a crucial role in cognitive decline, with several genes being identified that influence the risk of developing conditions like Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Long-term use of opioids and cocaine is also associated with cognitive decline, affecting functions such as memory and executive processes. Understanding the factors contributing to cognitive decline in aging and disease is essential for developing strategies to mitigate its impact. The drugs available to treat patients with cognitive decline due to advanced aging and drug abuse are also summarize.
衰老为认知能力下降的主要风险因素，影响多个认知领域，并显著增加诸如轻度认知障碍和痴呆等病症的风险。除衰老外，一些疾病也会导致认知能力下降。阿尔茨海默病是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，会导致大脑中的神经元和突触丧失，从而导致认知能力和功能能力严重下降。多项研究提供了令人信服的证据，表明可改变的生活方式因素在影响认知健康方面起着关键作用。已证明采取更健康的行为可显著降低认知能力下降的风险。遗传因素在认知能力下降中也起着关键作用，已鉴定出多个影响患阿尔茨海默病和其他痴呆症等病症风险的基因。长期使用阿片类药物和可卡因也与认知能力下降有关，会影响记忆和执行过程等功能。了解衰老和疾病中导致认知能力下降的因素对于制定减轻其影响的策略至关重要。本文还总结了用于治疗因衰老和药物滥用导致认知能力下降患者的药物。
