Ben Allal Zohra, El Mlili Nisrin, Najdi Adil
Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier, MAR.
Public Health and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Techniques of Tetouan, Tetouan, MAR.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 5;16(9):e68689. doi: 10.7759/cureus.68689. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Morocco is a country that has been experiencing an epidemiological and health transition characterized by a change in lifestyle and an increase in mortality for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional knowledge in relation to secondary prevention of doctors and nurses working in the hospital and primary healthcare centers in Morocco. Specific knowledge about nutrition for diabetes, for high blood pressure and high cholesterol, for functional colopathy, for iron deficiency anemia, for vitamin B12 deficiency, for overweight and for hyperuricemia or gout attack were evaluated.
Cross-sectional exploratory study carried out between June and December 2022, using a self-administered questionnaire developed on the basis of similar studies and the several standardized nutrition guides. A random cluster survey included 238 nurses and 131 doctors working in health centers and 234 nurses and 54 doctors working in hospitals. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 21.0 software, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Mann Whitney test, and Spearmen's correlation. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the most significant sociodemographic variables.
Among the seven nutritional content areas assessed in this study, we found that among doctors, the nutrition axis for high blood pressure and high cholesterol had the median correct response score of (0.57 interquartile range (IQR) (0.28, 0.71)). The same for nurse, but with the lower scores ((0.28 IQR (0, 0.43)) , (0.28 IQR (0.07, 0.42)) respectively). Our results do not reveal any statistically significant association of the median of total score of answers of both health professionals (nurses or of doctors) with their gender (p=0.383). However, they were significantly associated with basic training (p<0.001), continuous training (p=0.002), receiving information on nutrition (p=0.018), and their age (p=0.016).
In conclusion, this study highlighted the major gaps in the nutritional knowledge of doctors and nurses regarding secondary prevention of NCDs. However, they should undergo continuing nutrition education programs to ensure safe and sound nutritional advice not only to patients but also to the public. Furthermore, policymakers should devote systematic efforts to nutrition education during basic training in medical and nursing schools, which will provide doctors and nurses with adequate training.
摩洛哥是一个正在经历流行病学和健康转型的国家，其特点是生活方式发生变化，非传染性疾病（NCDs）的死亡率上升。本研究的目的是评估摩洛哥医院和初级医疗保健中心工作的医生和护士在二级预防方面的营养知识。评估了有关糖尿病、高血压和高胆固醇、功能性结肠病、缺铁性贫血、维生素B12缺乏、超重以及高尿酸血症或痛风发作的营养具体知识。
于2022年6月至12月进行横断面探索性研究，使用基于类似研究和若干标准化营养指南编制的自填式问卷。一项随机整群调查包括在健康中心工作的238名护士和131名医生，以及在医院工作的234名护士和54名医生。使用SPSS 21.0软件、Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验、Mann Whitney检验和Spearmen相关性进行统计分析。采用多元线性回归分析来探索最显著的社会人口统计学变量。
在本研究评估的七个营养内容领域中，我们发现，在医生中，高血压和高胆固醇的营养轴中位正确回答得分是（0.57，四分位间距（IQR）（0.28，0.71））。护士的情况相同，但得分较低（分别为（0.28，IQR（0，0.43）），（0.28，IQR（0.07，0.42）））。我们的结果未显示这两类卫生专业人员（护士或医生）答案总分中位数与其性别之间存在任何统计学上的显著关联（p = 0.383）。然而，它们与基础培训（p < 0.001）、持续培训（p = 0.002）、接受营养信息（p = 0.018）以及他们的年龄（p = 0.016）显著相关。
总之，本研究突出了医生和护士在非传染性疾病二级预防方面营养知识的主要差距。然而，他们应该参加持续营养教育项目，以确保不仅为患者，也为公众提供安全可靠的营养建议。此外，政策制定者应在医学和护理学校的基础培训期间系统地开展营养教育工作，这将为医生和护士提供充分的培训。
