Makizako Hyuma, Akaida Shoma, Tateishi Mana, Shiratsuchi Daijo, Kiyama Ryoji, Kubozono Takuro, Takenaka Toshihiro, Ohishi Mitsuru
Department of Physical Therapy, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, JPN.
Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, JPN.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 4;16(9):e68605. doi: 10.7759/cureus.68605. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Age-related declines in physical function, body composition, and cognitive function are interrelated. This prospective study aimed to examine the impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on age-related changes in physical function and body composition among community-dwelling older adults. We analyzed data from 180 older adults (aged ≥70 years) who completed a longitudinal assessment of physical function and body composition in the community. Physical function included grip strength and time taken to walk 10 m at normal and maximum pace. Body composition assessments calculated the body mass index (BMI) and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) using bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline and three-year follow-up assessments. MCI was defined as values below the age- and education-adjusted reference threshold in several tests, including memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed. Participants were divided into the MCI and non-MCI groups based on their MCI status at baseline. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusting for age and gender, was used to analyze the group (MCI and non-MCI) by time (baseline and three-year follow-up) interaction. Thirty participants (16.7%) had MCI at baseline. The repeated-measures ANCOVA indicated that no variables had significant group by time interactions. Stratified analyses by gender (repeated-measures ANCOVA, adjusted for age) confirmed a significant group by time interaction on BMI (F=5.63, p=0.02) and ASMI (F=6.33, p=0.01) among women. Older women with MCI may experience a greater impact of the acceleration of shrinking and age-related decline in muscle mass. The close associations of MCI with shrinking and muscle mass loss have important implications for targeting interventions among MCI women.
与年龄相关的身体功能、身体成分和认知功能衰退是相互关联的。这项前瞻性研究旨在探讨轻度认知障碍（MCI）对社区居住的老年人与年龄相关的身体功能和身体成分变化的影响。我们分析了180名年龄≥70岁的老年人的数据，这些老年人在社区完成了身体功能和身体成分的纵向评估。身体功能包括握力以及以正常和最快速度行走10米所需的时间。身体成分评估在基线和三年随访评估时使用生物电阻抗分析计算体重指数（BMI）和四肢骨骼肌指数（ASMI）。MCI被定义为在包括记忆、注意力、执行功能和处理速度在内的多项测试中低于年龄和教育调整后的参考阈值的值。参与者根据其基线时的MCI状态分为MCI组和非MCI组。采用双向重复测量协方差分析（ANCOVA），对年龄和性别进行调整，以分析组（MCI和非MCI）与时间（基线和三年随访）的交互作用。30名参与者（16.7%）在基线时患有MCI。重复测量ANCOVA表明，没有变量存在显著的组与时间交互作用。按性别进行分层分析（重复测量ANCOVA，对年龄进行调整）证实，女性中BMI（F=5.63，p=0.02）和ASMI（F=6.33，p=0.01）存在显著的组与时间交互作用。患有MCI的老年女性可能会受到身体萎缩加速和与年龄相关的肌肉量下降的更大影响。MCI与身体萎缩和肌肉量减少的密切关联对于针对患有MCI的女性进行干预具有重要意义。
