Prognostic Significance of Tumor and Inflammatory Markers in Disease-Free and Overall Survival Duration in Colonic Adenocarcinoma Patients.

Introduction Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) continues to be a major global health concern, contributing substantially to cancer incidence and mortality. Colonic adenocarcinoma, a common subtype of CRC, is influenced by various prognostic factors, including tumor stage, histopathological characteristics, and tumor markers. Despite their routine use in clinical settings, the prognostic value of traditional tumor markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), and others, is still under debate. In this study, we aim to analyze the tumor markers' prognostic significance in our CRC patients in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 71 patients who underwent surgery for colonic adenocarcinoma between January 1, 2018, and January 1, 2024. Data on patient demographics, recurrence rates, survival times, and tumor marker levels (CEA, CA 19-9, CA 125, AFP, and CRP to albumin ratio (CAR)), disease-free survival duration (DFS), and overall survival durations (OS) were collected and analyzed. Statistical analyses included Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, the Mann-Whitney U test, ROC curve analysis, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results The study found that elevated CAR and CA 125 levels were significantly associated with higher mortality and recurrence rates, whereas elevated CEA levels were strongly predictive of recurrence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified optimal cutoff values for these markers, with CEA ≥ 47.145, CA 125 ≥ 15.85, and CAR ≥ 6.796 demonstrating high specificity and predictive value for recurrence. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with CEA < 47.145 had a significantly longer DFS (67.7 months) compared to those with CEA ≥ 47.145 (24 months, p < 0.001). Similarly, patients with CA 125 < 15.85 and CAR < 6.796 showed longer DFS compared to those with higher values. Overall survival analysis also highlighted that patients with CA 125 < 21.71 and CAR < 4.09 had better survival outcomes, with significant differences of 26 and 10 months, respectively (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Conclusion Tumor markers, such as CEA, CA 125, and CAR, hold significant prognostic value in colonic adenocarcinoma, with higher levels correlating with poorer outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of integrating tumor markers into clinical decision-making to optimize treatment strategies and improve patient survival. Future research should focus on standardizing the use of these markers and exploring novel biomarkers for enhanced prognostication.