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无意识加工会干扰意识知觉的客观测量:来自阈下启动范式的证据。

Unconscious Processing Contaminates Objective Measures of Conscious Perception: Evidence From the Liminal Prime Paradigm.

作者信息

Micher Nitzan, Mazenko Diana, Lamy Dominique

机构信息

School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

出版信息

J Cogn. 2024 Oct 1;7(1):71. doi: 10.5334/joc.402. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Assessing unconscious processing requires a valid measure of conscious perception. However, the two measures most commonly used, subjective reports and forced-choice discrimination, do not always converge: observers can discriminate stimuli rated as invisible better than chance. A debated issue is whether this phenomenon indicates that subjective reports of unawareness are contaminated by conscious perception, or that forced-choice discrimination performance is contaminated by unconscious processing. To address this question, we took advantage of a previously reported dissociation using masked response priming: for primes rated as invisible on a multi-point scale, response priming occurs only for fast trials, whereas for consciously perceived primes, response priming occurs across response times. Here, we replicated this dissociation, confirming that invisibility-reports were not contaminated by conscious perception. Crucially, we measured prime-discrimination performance within the same experiment and found above-chance performance for unseen primes. Together, these findings suggest that forced-choice discrimination performance is contaminated by unconscious processing.

摘要

评估无意识加工需要一种有效的意识知觉测量方法。然而,最常用的两种测量方法,即主观报告和迫选辨别,并不总是一致的:观察者能够比随机水平更好地辨别被评定为不可见的刺激。一个有争议的问题是,这种现象是表明无意识的主观报告受到了意识知觉的影响,还是迫选辨别表现受到了无意识加工的影响。为了解决这个问题,我们利用了之前报道的一种使用掩蔽反应启动的分离现象:对于在多点量表上被评定为不可见的启动刺激,反应启动仅在快速试验中出现,而对于有意识知觉到的启动刺激,反应启动在整个反应时间范围内都会出现。在这里,我们重复了这种分离现象,证实了不可见报告没有受到意识知觉的影响。至关重要的是,我们在同一个实验中测量了启动刺激辨别表现,发现对于未被看见的启动刺激有高于随机水平的表现。总之,这些发现表明迫选辨别表现受到了无意识加工的影响。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/71d0/11451544/b610109b3e2d/joc-7-1-402-g1.jpg

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