Souda Sajini, Mwita Julius C, Cainelli Francesca, Mannathoko Naledi B, Anderson Motswedi, Moyo Sikhulile
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
S Afr J Infect Dis. 2021 Jul 19;36(1):275. doi: 10.4102/sajid.v36i1.275. eCollection 2021.
Viral hepatitis is a major global health problem. There is a paucity of data from Botswana on the seroprevalence of markers of hepatitis. The objective of the study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in patients with clinical features of hepatitis and/or altered liver function tests.
This cross-sectional study was done at Princess Marina Hospital (PMH) in Gaborone, Botswana, from February 2015 to July 2016. It involved 328 adult patients with any of the following: jaundice, history of liver disease and/or increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and serum bilirubin of > 2 times the upper limit of normal (ULN).
Active or chronic active hepatitis (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] positive) was identified in 46.7% of patients. Antibodies to HDV infection were detected in 4.6% of the HBsAg-positive patients and antibodies to HCV infection in 4.3% of the study patients. Immunity against HBV infection was noted in 34.5% of patients. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection was self-reported by 42.7% of HBsAg-positive patients with known HIV status.
High prevalence rate of HBV, HCV, HDV infection and HIV co-infection was observed in patients with liver disease attending PMH.
病毒性肝炎是一个重大的全球健康问题。博茨瓦纳关于肝炎标志物血清流行率的数据匮乏。本研究的目的是确定具有肝炎临床特征和/或肝功能检查异常的患者中乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丁型肝炎病毒（HDV）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染的血清流行率及危险因素。
这项横断面研究于2015年2月至2016年7月在博茨瓦纳哈博罗内的玛丽娜公主医院（PMH）进行。研究对象为328名成年患者，他们具有以下任何一种情况：黄疸、肝病病史和/或血清天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）升高，以及血清胆红素>正常上限（ULN）的2倍。
46.7%的患者被诊断为活动性或慢性活动性肝炎（乙肝表面抗原[HBsAg]阳性）。在4.6%的HBsAg阳性患者中检测到HDV感染抗体，在4.3%的研究患者中检测到HCV感染抗体。34.5%的患者对HBV感染具有免疫力。在已知HIV感染状况的HBsAg阳性患者中，42.7%的患者自述合并感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）。
在玛丽娜公主医院就诊的肝病患者中，观察到HBV、HCV、HDV感染及HIV合并感染的高流行率。
