Almarzouki Nawaf
Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Clin Ophthalmol. 2024 Sep 30;18:2705-2720. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S484855. eCollection 2024.
Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, is characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. Intraocular pressure (IOP) remains a well-established risk factor, but recent research suggests environmental and lifestyle factors may also play a role.
This review aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the impact of environmental factors on glaucoma progression.
We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching various databases for studies on environmental factors and glaucoma progression.
Our review identified several key findings. IOP remains the most crucial modifiable risk factor. Aerobic exercise and mindfulness practices may lower IOP and provide neuroprotection. Lifestyle modifications like smoking cessation and balanced diets were also emphasized. Studies suggest air pollution exposure, particularly PM2.5, may be associated with an increased risk of glaucoma. However, the studies were primarily observational, and more research is needed to establish causality and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
This review highlights the multifaceted nature of glaucoma, emphasizing the interplay between established risk factors (IOP) and emerging environmental influences (air pollution). Environmental factors hold promise as potential targets for glaucoma prevention and management strategies. Future research should focus on well-designed studies to investigate causal relationships and biological mechanisms.
青光眼是不可逆视力丧失的主要原因，其特征为视网膜神经节细胞进行性退化。眼压（IOP）仍然是一个公认的危险因素，但最近的研究表明环境和生活方式因素也可能起作用。
本综述旨在评估关于环境因素对青光眼进展影响的现有证据。
我们按照PRISMA指南进行了系统综述，在各种数据库中搜索关于环境因素和青光眼进展的研究。
我们的综述确定了几个关键发现。眼压仍然是最关键的可改变危险因素。有氧运动和正念练习可能会降低眼压并提供神经保护。还强调了如戒烟和均衡饮食等生活方式的改变。研究表明，接触空气污染，特别是细颗粒物（PM2.5），可能与青光眼风险增加有关。然而，这些研究主要是观察性的，需要更多研究来确定因果关系并阐明潜在机制。
本综述强调了青光眼的多方面性质，强调了既定危险因素（眼压）与新出现的环境影响（空气污染）之间的相互作用。环境因素有望成为青光眼预防和管理策略的潜在目标。未来的研究应侧重于设计良好的研究，以调查因果关系和生物学机制。
