Zahiriharsini Azita, Gilbert-Ouimet Mahée, Hervieux Valérie, Trudel Xavier, Matteau Léonie, Jalbert Laura, Svyntozelska Olha, Demers Juliette, LeBlanc Annie, Smith Peter
Health Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Rimouski Campus de Lévis, Lévis, Québec, Canada; CHU de Québec - Laval University Research Center, Population health and optimal health practices axis, Québec, Québec, Canada.
Health Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Rimouski Campus de Lévis, Lévis, Québec, Canada; CHU de Québec - Laval University Research Center, Population health and optimal health practices axis, Québec, Québec, Canada; Canada Research Chair in Sex and Gender in Occupational Health, Université du Québec à Rimouski Campus de Lévis, Lévis, Québec, Canada.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2024 Dec;167:105916. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105916. Epub 2024 Oct 5.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with disparities observed between males and females. Psychosocial work exposures (PWE), including workload, job control, reward and long working hours, are associated with CVD development. Despite higher prevalence among females, the association with CVD is consistently observed in males, with limited explanations for these differences. This study aimed to examine the consideration of sex and gender in prospective studies within systematic reviews on PWE - specifically, the demand-control model, the effort-reward imbalance model, and long working hours - and CVD. Conducting a systematic review, we assessed sex and gender considerations using criteria from the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines. While most studies recognized potential sex and gender differences in the associations between PWE and CVD, only about half of the 28 studies that included both sexes (15 studies) analyzed females and males separately. Moreover, few studies included criteria for sex- and gender-based analyses. Less than half of the studies (23 studies) incorporated a sex and/or gender perspective to discuss observed differences and similarities between men and women. Although there is a rising trend in integrating sex and gender considerations, significant gaps persist in methodologies and reporting, highlighting the need for comprehensive incorporation of sex and gender considerations to bolster CVD prevention strategies and policies.
心血管疾病（CVDs）是发病和死亡的主要原因，男性和女性之间存在差异。心理社会工作暴露（PWE），包括工作量、工作控制、奖励和长时间工作，与心血管疾病的发生有关。尽管女性患病率较高，但在男性中也始终观察到与心血管疾病的关联，对这些差异的解释有限。本研究旨在探讨在关于PWE的系统评价中的前瞻性研究中对性别和性别的考量——具体而言，需求控制模型、努力回报失衡模型和长时间工作——与心血管疾病的关系。通过进行系统评价，我们使用《研究中的性别平等》（SAGER）指南中的标准评估了性别和性别的考量。虽然大多数研究认识到PWE与心血管疾病之间的关联可能存在性别差异，但在纳入两性的28项研究中，只有约一半（15项研究）分别对女性和男性进行了分析。此外，很少有研究纳入基于性别的分析标准。不到一半的研究（23项研究）纳入了性别视角来讨论观察到的男性和女性之间的差异和相似之处。尽管纳入性别考量的趋势在上升，但在方法和报告方面仍存在显著差距，这突出表明需要全面纳入性别考量，以加强心血管疾病的预防策略和政策。
