Department of Periodontology, College of Density, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Biomed Res Int. 2024 Jun 6;2024:5498307. doi: 10.1155/2024/5498307. eCollection 2024.
Neutrophils play an important role in maintaining periodontal status in conditions of healthy homeostasis. They achieve their surveillance function by continuously migrating to the gingival sulcus and eradicating periodontal pathogens. In addition, neutrophils are considered an integral element in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Among several neutrophil subsets, low-density neutrophils (LDN) have recently received attention and are linked with cancer, immunological, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. However, the presence, phenotypes, and potential role of LDN in the pathogenesis of periodontitis have not yet been investigated.
To investigate the presence, subsets (normal, band, suppressive, and active), and phenotypes via marker expression surface protein known as the cluster of differentiation (CD) (CD16b, CD14, CD15, and CD62L) of LDN in patients with periodontitis.
The observational case-control study was conducted to estimate the potential role of LDNs in periodontitis. Venous blood and periodontal indices were obtained from 40 healthy control individuals and 60 periodontitis patients. Subsequently, CD16b, CD62L, CD14, and CD15 expression on the surface of LDN was examined by multicolor flow cytometry, and their subsets were classified as "normal" (CD16brightCD62Lbright), "bands" (CD16dimCD62Lbright), "suppressive" (CD16brightCD62Ldim), and "active" (CD16brightCD62Lnegative).
There was a significant difference in the expression of LDN markers for active and suppressive phenotypes, respectively, favoring periodontitis over the control group. In contrast, there were significantly higher levels of CD16b, CD62L, and CD15 ("normal") in the control group when compared with the periodontitis group.
LDN was associated with periodontitis as it was significantly increased in the periodontitis group in comparison with the control group and was positively correlated with all periodontal parameters. Cells from both groups of patients (periodontitis and control) expressed a normal mature phenotype (CD16b + High, CD62L + High, CD15+, and CD14-). Regarding subsets, the normal LDN (CD16brightCD62Lbright) was the most predominant phenotype in both periodontitis and control groups. However, the active subset increased in periodontitis compared to normal, indicating their destructive role in periodontitis.
中性粒细胞在健康稳态条件下维持牙周状态中发挥重要作用。它们通过不断迁移到牙龈沟并清除牙周病原体来实现其监视功能。此外，中性粒细胞被认为是牙周病发病机制的一个组成部分。在几种中性粒细胞亚群中，低密度中性粒细胞（LDN）最近受到关注，并与癌症、免疫、炎症和感染性疾病有关。然而，LDN 在牙周炎发病机制中的存在、表型和潜在作用尚未得到研究。
通过标记物表达表面蛋白（称为分化群（CD））（CD16b、CD14、CD15 和 CD62L）来研究牙周炎患者 LDN 的存在、亚群（正常、带、抑制和活跃）和表型。
进行观察性病例对照研究，以估计 LDN 在牙周炎中的潜在作用。从 40 名健康对照个体和 60 名牙周炎患者中获得静脉血和牙周指数。随后，通过多色流式细胞术检查 LDN 表面的 CD16b、CD62L、CD14 和 CD15 的表达，并将其亚群分类为“正常”（CD16brightCD62Lbright）、“带”（CD16dimCD62Lbright）、“抑制”（CD16brightCD62Ldim）和“活跃”（CD16brightCD62Lnegative）。
活跃和抑制表型的 LDN 标志物的表达存在显著差异，有利于牙周炎组而非对照组。相比之下，与牙周炎组相比，对照组的 CD16b、CD62L 和 CD15（“正常”）水平明显更高。
LDN 与牙周炎相关，因为与对照组相比，牙周炎组的 LDN 显著增加，并且与所有牙周参数呈正相关。来自两组患者（牙周炎和对照组）的细胞均表达正常成熟表型（CD16b+高、CD62L+高、CD15+和 CD14-）。关于亚群，正常 LDN（CD16brightCD62Lbright）是牙周炎和对照组中最主要的表型。然而，与正常相比，活跃的亚群在牙周炎中增加，表明它们在牙周炎中的破坏作用。
