Pr Reshma, Shankar G
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bengaluru Rural, Hoskote, Bengaluru Rural, Hoskote, Karnataka 562114 India.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari, Karnataka 583104 India.
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2024 Oct;76(5):4348-4355. doi: 10.1007/s12070-024-04857-8. Epub 2024 Jul 13.
Epistaxis is the most common emergency in otorhinolaryngology affecting up to 60% of the population in their lifetime. There are various local and systemic cause and includes both medical and surgical management. This study has been undertaken to study various etiopathogenesis and management of epistaxis. This is a prospective hospital-based study conducted on 100 patients of all age groups and both genders presenting with epistaxis to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology both on outpatient and inpatient basis. A detailed history taking with clinical examination is done. Data is entered in a structured performa, master chart prepared and is subjected to statistical analysis by SPSS software version 23. The most common age group was first decade (26%) followed by fourth decade (15%) with male (71%) predominance. Anterior epistaxis (87%) and bilateral nasal cavity involvement (65%) was predominantly seen. Most common causes for epistaxis are trauma (20%) followed by nasal infections (18%) and hypertension (17%). Majority of the patients underwent medical line of treatment (80%) followed by anterior nasal packing (12%), surgical intervention (7%), posterior nasal packing (1%). Epistaxis needs immediate restoration of hemodynamic parameters with first aid, airway assessment and control of bleeding. Majority of the cases were managed conservatively which is safe and cost effective method. Patients should be advised to avoid strenuous activity, nose picking and vigorous nose blowing. Severe recurrent epistaxis needed invasive interventions like nasal packing and blood transfusion.
鼻出血是耳鼻咽喉科最常见的急症，一生中高达60%的人会受到影响。鼻出血有多种局部和全身病因，包括药物治疗和手术治疗。本研究旨在探讨鼻出血的各种病因及治疗方法。这是一项基于医院的前瞻性研究，对100例各年龄段、男女均有的鼻出血患者进行了门诊和住院治疗，这些患者均就诊于耳鼻咽喉科。进行了详细的病史采集和临床检查。数据录入结构化表格，编制主图表，并使用SPSS 23版软件进行统计分析。最常见的年龄组是第一个十年（26%），其次是第四个十年（15%），男性占主导（71%）。主要观察到前鼻出血（87%）和双侧鼻腔受累（65%）。鼻出血最常见的原因是外伤（20%），其次是鼻腔感染（18%）和高血压（17%）。大多数患者接受了药物治疗（80%），其次是前鼻孔填塞（12%）、手术干预（7%）、后鼻孔填塞（1%）。鼻出血需要通过急救、气道评估和控制出血来立即恢复血流动力学参数。大多数病例采用保守治疗，这是一种安全且经济有效的方法。应建议患者避免剧烈活动、挖鼻和用力擤鼻。严重复发性鼻出血需要进行侵入性干预，如鼻腔填塞和输血。
