Bhoomika S, Salunkhe Shubham Rajaram, Sakthi A R, Saraswathi T, Manonmani S, Raveendran M, Sudha M
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India.
Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India.
Mol Biotechnol. 2024 Oct 8. doi: 10.1007/s12033-024-01290-8.
Tomato, a globally consumed vegetable, possesses vast genetic diversity, making it suitable for genetic manipulation using various genetic improvement techniques. Tomatoes are grown extensively for their market value and health benefits, primarily contributed by enhanced yield and nutritional value respectively, influenced by floral and fruit traits. Floral morphology is maintained by genes involved in meristem size control, regulation of inflorescence transition, and pollen development. SP (SELF-PRUNING) and SP5G (SELF-PRUNING 5G) determine growth habit and flowering time. RIN (RIPENING INHIBITOR) and PG (POLYGALACTURONASE) are responsible for the shelf life of fruits. In addition to this, nutrition-enriched tomatoes have been developed in recent times. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the major genes influencing floral morphology, flowering time, fruit size, fruit shape, shelf life, and nutritional value, ultimately resulting in enhanced yield. Additionally, we address the advances in CRISPR/Cas9 applied for the genetic improvement of tomatoes along with prospects of areas in which research development in terms of tomato genetic improvement has to be advanced.
番茄是一种全球广泛食用的蔬菜，具有丰富的遗传多样性，这使其适合使用各种遗传改良技术进行基因操作。番茄因其市场价值和健康益处而被广泛种植，主要分别由产量提高和营养价值提升所贡献，而这又受花和果实性状的影响。花的形态由参与分生组织大小控制、花序过渡调节和花粉发育的基因维持。SP（自封顶）和SP5G（自封顶5G）决定生长习性和开花时间。RIN（成熟抑制因子）和PG（多聚半乳糖醛酸酶）负责果实的货架期。除此之外，近年来还培育出了营养丰富的番茄。在本综述中，我们全面讨论了影响花形态、开花时间、果实大小、果实形状、货架期和营养价值的主要基因，这些最终导致产量提高。此外，我们还阐述了CRISPR/Cas9在番茄遗传改良中的应用进展，以及番茄遗传改良方面有待推进研究的领域前景。
