Gruner Magdalena, Widmann Andreas, Wöhner Stefan, Schröger Erich, Jescheniak Jörg D
Leipzig University.
University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2025 Feb 1;37(2):443-463. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_02255.
When a picture is repeatedly named in the context of semantically related pictures (homogeneous context), responses are slower than when the picture is repeatedly named in the context of unrelated pictures (heterogeneous context). This semantic interference effect in blocked-cyclic naming plays an important role in devising theories of word production. Wöhner, Mädebach, and Jescheniak [Wöhner, S., Mädebach, A., & Jescheniak, J. D. Naming pictures and sounds: Stimulus type affects semantic context effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 47, 716-730, 2021] have shown that the effect is substantially larger when participants name environmental sounds than when they name pictures. We investigated possible reasons for this difference, using EEG and pupillometry. The behavioral data replicated Wöhner and colleagues. ERPs were more positive in the homogeneous compared with the heterogeneous context over central electrode locations between 140-180 msec and 250-350 msec for picture naming and between 250 and 350 msec for sound naming, presumably reflecting semantic interference during semantic and lexical processing. The later component was of similar size for pictures and sounds. ERPs were more negative in the homogeneous compared with the heterogeneous context over frontal electrode locations between 400 and 600 msec only for sounds. The pupillometric data showed a stronger pupil dilation in the homogeneous compared with the heterogeneous context only for sounds. The amplitudes of the late ERP negativity and pupil dilation predicted naming latencies for sounds in the homogeneous context. The latency of the effects indicates that the difference in semantic interference between picture and sound naming arises at later, presumably postlexical processing stages closer to articulation. We suggest that the processing of the auditory stimuli interferes with phonological response preparation and self-monitoring, leading to enhanced semantic interference.
当一幅图片在语义相关图片的背景下（同质背景）被反复命名时，反应速度比在不相关图片的背景下（异质背景）被反复命名时要慢。这种在分组循环命名中的语义干扰效应在构建词汇生成理论方面起着重要作用。沃纳、梅德巴赫和耶施尼亚克[沃纳，S.，梅德巴赫，A.，&耶施尼亚克，J. D. 命名图片和声音：刺激类型影响语义背景效应。《实验心理学杂志：人类感知与表现》，47，716 - 730，2021]已经表明，当参与者命名环境声音时，这种效应比命名图片时要大得多。我们使用脑电图（EEG）和瞳孔测量法研究了造成这种差异的可能原因。行为数据复制了沃纳及其同事的研究结果。在图片命名时，140 - 180毫秒和250 - 350毫秒之间以及声音命名时250 - 350毫秒之间，中央电极位置上，同质背景下的事件相关电位（ERP）比异质背景下更正，这可能反映了语义和词汇处理过程中的语义干扰。后期成分在图片和声音命名时大小相似。仅在声音命名时，400 - 600毫秒之间额叶电极位置上，同质背景下的ERP比异质背景下更负。瞳孔测量数据显示，仅在声音命名时，同质背景下的瞳孔扩张比异质背景下更强。晚期ERP负波的幅度和瞳孔扩张预测了同质背景下声音命名的潜伏期。效应的潜伏期表明，图片和声音命名之间语义干扰的差异出现在后期，可能是更接近发音的后词汇处理阶段。我们认为，听觉刺激的处理会干扰语音反应准备和自我监测，从而导致语义干扰增强。
