Department of Psychology, Leipzig University, Neumarkt 9-19, D-04109, Leipzig, Germany.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2018 Oct;25(5):1909-1916. doi: 10.3758/s13423-017-1386-5.
In this study we explored the locus of semantic interference in a novel picture-sound interference task in which participants name pictures while ignoring environmental distractor sounds. In a previous study using this task (Mädebach, Wöhner, Kieseler, & Jescheniak, in Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 43, 1629-1646, 2017), we showed that semantically related distractor sounds (e.g., BARKING) interfere with a picture-naming response (e.g., "horse") more strongly than unrelated distractor sounds do (e.g., DRUMMING). In the experiment reported here, we employed the psychological refractory period (PRP) approach to explore the locus of this effect. We combined a geometric form classification task (square vs. circle; Task 1) with the picture-sound interference task (Task 2). The stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between the tasks was systematically varied (0 vs. 500 ms). There were three central findings. First, the semantic interference effect from distractor sounds was replicated. Second, picture naming (in Task 2) was slower with the short than with the long task SOA. Third, both effects were additive-that is, the semantic interference effects were of similar magnitude at both task SOAs. This suggests that the interference arises during response selection or later stages, not during early perceptual processing. This finding corroborates the theory that semantic interference from distractor sounds reflects a competitive selection mechanism in word production.
在这项研究中，我们在一项新颖的图片-声音干扰任务中探索了语义干扰的位置，在该任务中，参与者在忽略环境干扰声音的情况下命名图片。在之前使用该任务的一项研究中（Mädebach、Wöhner、Kieseler 和 Jescheniak，发表于《实验心理学杂志：人类感知与表现》，43，1629-1646，2017），我们表明语义相关的干扰声音（例如，“BARKING”）比不相关的干扰声音（例如，“DRUMMING”）更强烈地干扰图片命名反应（例如，“horse”）。在本报告的实验中，我们采用心理不应期（PRP）方法来探索这种效应的位置。我们将几何形状分类任务（正方形与圆形；任务 1）与图片-声音干扰任务（任务 2）结合起来。任务之间的刺激起始异步（SOA）被系统地改变（0 与 500 毫秒）。有三个主要发现。首先，复制了来自干扰声音的语义干扰效应。其次，与长任务 SOA 相比，短任务 SOA 下图片命名（任务 2）较慢。第三，两个效应都是相加的，即两种任务 SOA 下的语义干扰效应具有相似的幅度。这表明干扰发生在反应选择或后期阶段，而不是在早期感知处理阶段。这一发现证实了这样一种理论，即来自干扰声音的语义干扰反映了单词产生中的一种竞争选择机制。
