Department of Family Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye.
Department of Neuroscience, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Türkiye.
J Perinat Med. 2024 Oct 10;52(9):1020-1029. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2024-0026. Print 2024 Nov 26.
Perinatal depression (PD) affects individuals during pregnancy and early parenthood, resembling major depression. Recent research highlights paternal perinatal depression (PPD) in fathers. PPD has adverse effects on fathers and their children. This study assesses the Turkish version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for Turkish fathers, aiming to provide a tool for PPD identification.
This methodological study validates the EPDS for Turkish fathers and explores associations with demographic and psychosocial factors. The study involved 295 fathers with infants aged 2 weeks to 12 months. The EPDS, originally designed for perinatal depression and validated in Turkish women, was used. Fathers completed a participant information questionnaire, the EPDS, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) during clinic visits. Data on sociodemographic factors, paternal roles, and pregnancy and postpartum support were collected. Mothers also completed the EPDS. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation tests were used.
The study included fathers with an average age of 30.5 years, mostly with a high school education or higher. The EPDS had a mean total score of 3.1. Factor analysis suggested a three-factor structure for the EPDS in Turkish fathers, including anhedonia, anxiety, and depression. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the three-factor structure, with acceptable model fit indices. Positive correlations were found between fathers' EPDS scores, maternal EPDS scores, and paternal BDI scores. The EPDS effectively discriminated between different levels of depression severity. Various factors, such as education level and lack of support during pregnancy and after childbirth, were associated with higher EPDS scores.
These findings emphasize the significance of assessing and addressing PPD in fathers, supporting the use of the EPDS as a valid tool in the Turkish context. The three-factor structure aligns with international research, highlighting the importance of a multi-dimensional approach to PPD assessment. Early intervention can mitigate PPD's impact on fathers, mothers, and children, benefiting mental health and well-being.
围产期抑郁症（PD）影响个体在妊娠和育儿早期的状态，类似于重性抑郁症。最近的研究强调了父亲围产期抑郁症（PPD）的存在。PPD 会对父亲及其子女产生不良影响。本研究旨在评估用于土耳其父亲的爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）的土耳其版本，为 PPD 的识别提供一种工具。
本方法学研究验证了 EPDS 用于土耳其父亲的适用性，并探讨了其与人口统计学和社会心理因素的关联。该研究纳入了 295 名婴儿年龄在 2 周到 12 个月的父亲。使用的是最初用于围产期抑郁并在土耳其女性中得到验证的 EPDS。父亲在就诊期间完成了一份参与者信息问卷、EPDS 和贝克抑郁量表（BDI）。收集了社会人口学因素、父亲角色以及妊娠和产后支持的数据。母亲也完成了 EPDS。使用描述性统计、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析和相关检验。
该研究包括平均年龄为 30.5 岁的父亲，他们大多受过高中或更高教育。EPDS 的总分平均为 3.1。因子分析表明，EPDS 在土耳其父亲中存在三因子结构，包括快感缺失、焦虑和抑郁。验证性因子分析验证了三因子结构，模型拟合指数可接受。父亲的 EPDS 评分、母亲的 EPDS 评分和父亲的 BDI 评分之间存在正相关。EPDS 能够有效地区分不同严重程度的抑郁。各种因素，如教育程度和妊娠及产后缺乏支持，与较高的 EPDS 评分相关。
这些发现强调了在土耳其语境下评估和处理父亲围产期抑郁症的重要性，支持将 EPDS 作为一种有效的工具使用。三因子结构与国际研究一致，突出了对 PPD 评估采取多维度方法的重要性。早期干预可以减轻 PPD 对父亲、母亲和孩子的影响，促进心理健康和幸福感。
