Faculty of Sports Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
Brain Behav. 2024 Oct;14(10):e70070. doi: 10.1002/brb3.70070.
This study examines the psychophysiological differences between virtual reality (VR) and real archery. It explores whether VR archery induces heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and breathing rates similar to those experienced in real archery. Additionally, the study assesses differences in perceived anxiety, difficulty, confidence, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and shooting performance between the two modalities, providing insights into the efficacy of VR as a training tool for archery.
Twenty-two (women: 8) individuals aged 20-24 participated in the study. We first recorded individuals' resting HR, HRV, and breathing rates during baseline. Afterward, participants shot 10 real and virtual arrows from 18 m, whereas their HR, HRV, and breathing rate were measured, each lasting 4 min. Performance in VR and real archery was determined separately as the sum of the shots. We performed paired sample t-tests to compare individuals' performance, psychological, and psychophysiological responses recorded during VR and real arrow shooting. Afterward, we compared percentage changes between VR and real archery.
Results showed that HR and root mean square of successive differences (RMMSD) were significantly higher during real archery compared to virtual archery. In addition, VR archery led to a greater percentage change in RMSSD compared to real archery. Participants reported greater RPE and perceived difficulty after real archery. Performance was also higher during VR archery than real archery.
Consequently, the results of the present study illustrated that VR, and real archery might lead to different autonomic response patterns in terms of vagal activity.
本研究考察了虚拟现实（VR）和真实射箭之间的心理生理差异。探讨了 VR 射箭是否会引起与真实射箭相似的心率（HR）、心率变异性（HRV）和呼吸频率。此外，该研究还评估了两种模式之间的感知焦虑、难度、信心、感知用力率（RPE）和射击表现的差异，为 VR 作为射箭训练工具的功效提供了见解。
22 名（女性：8 名）年龄在 20-24 岁的个体参加了这项研究。我们首先记录了个体在基线时的静息心率、HRV 和呼吸率。之后，参与者从 18 米处射出 10 支真实和虚拟箭，同时测量他们的 HR、HRV 和呼吸率，每次持续 4 分钟。VR 和真实射箭的表现分别作为射击次数的总和来确定。我们进行了配对样本 t 检验，以比较个体在 VR 和真实射箭过程中记录的表现、心理和心理生理反应。之后，我们比较了 VR 和真实射箭之间的百分比变化。
结果表明，与 VR 相比，真实射箭时的 HR 和连续差异的均方根（RMMSD）明显更高。此外，与真实射箭相比，VR 射箭导致 RMSSD 的百分比变化更大。参与者在真实射箭后报告了更大的 RPE 和感知难度。VR 射箭的表现也高于真实射箭。
因此，本研究的结果表明，VR 和真实射箭可能会导致不同的自主反应模式，涉及迷走神经活动。
