London South Bank University, LSBU Business School, London, UK.
London South Bank University, LSBU Business School, London, UK.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2024 Oct;250:104519. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104519. Epub 2024 Oct 7.
Relative rank models of risky decision-making suggest that human preferences are informed by sampled (and not absolute) values and their relative ranks. According to this proposal, an attribute's absolute value (e.g., money or probability), retrieved from memory or/and available in the context, has a relative rank within the sampled attribute values. Moreover, decision-makers use the relative ranks of sampled absolute values when they choose or evaluate an option. In contrast, we present evidence from studies with more than 1100 UK adults, that human preferences are indeed informed by an attribute's absolute value. In particular, when making a choice between two economic gambles (a safe gamble or a risky gamble), we found that the likelihood of choosing the risky gamble increased when it was with a desirable monetary prize (a larger amount of money - £150), regardless of the distribution and relative ranks of sampled monetary values. However, when both the safe and risky gambles were with non-desirable monetary prizes (£0.50 or £1.50), participants' preferences were influenced by the distribution and relative ranks of sampled monetary values. Accordingly, we propose that decision-making desirability triggers participants' willingness to use absolute values in their choice; the switch between participants making relative and absolute judgment is predicted by Edwards et al. (2012).
风险决策的相对等级模型表明，人类的偏好是由抽样（而不是绝对）的值及其相对等级来决定的。根据这一建议，属性的绝对值（例如，金钱或概率）从记忆中检索或/和在上下文中可用，在抽样属性值中具有相对等级。此外，决策者在选择或评估选项时使用抽样的绝对值的相对等级。相比之下，我们从超过 1100 名英国成年人的研究中提供了证据，表明人类的偏好确实是由属性的绝对值决定的。特别是，当在两种经济赌博（安全赌博或风险赌博）之间进行选择时，我们发现，当风险赌博伴随着理想的货币奖励（较大的金额-£150）时，选择风险赌博的可能性会增加，而不管抽样货币值的分布和相对等级如何。然而，当安全和风险赌博都伴随着非理想的货币奖励（£0.50 或 £1.50）时，参与者的偏好受到抽样货币值的分布和相对等级的影响。因此，我们提出决策的可取性触发了参与者在选择中使用绝对值的意愿；爱德华兹等人（2012 年）预测了参与者从相对判断转向绝对判断的转变。
