FeldmanHall Oriel, Glimcher Paul, Baker Augustus L, Phelps Elizabeth A
Department of Psychology, New York University.
Center for Neural Science, New York University.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2016 Oct;145(10):1255-1262. doi: 10.1037/xge0000205.
Uncertainty, which is ubiquitous in decision-making, can be fractionated into known probabilities (risk) and unknown probabilities (ambiguity). Although research has illustrated that individuals more often avoid decisions associated with ambiguity compared to risk, it remains unclear why ambiguity is perceived as more aversive. Here we examine the role of arousal in shaping the representation of value and subsequent choice under risky and ambiguous decisions. To investigate the relationship between arousal and decisions of uncertainty, we measure skin conductance response-a quantifiable measure reflecting sympathetic nervous system arousal-during choices to gamble under risk and ambiguity. To quantify the discrete influences of risk and ambiguity sensitivity and the subjective value of each option under consideration, we model fluctuating uncertainty, as well as the amount of money that can be gained by taking the gamble. Results reveal that although arousal tracks the subjective value of a lottery regardless of uncertainty type, arousal differentially contributes to the computation of value-that is, choice-depending on whether the uncertainty is risky or ambiguous: Enhanced arousal adaptively decreases risk-taking only when the lottery is highly risky but increases risk-taking when the probability of winning is ambiguous (even after controlling for subjective value). Together, this suggests that the role of arousal during decisions of uncertainty is modulatory and highly dependent on the context in which the decision is framed. (PsycINFO Database Record
不确定性在决策过程中普遍存在，它可被细分为已知概率（风险）和未知概率（模糊性）。尽管研究表明，与风险相比，个体更常回避与模糊性相关的决策，但尚不清楚为何模糊性会被视为更令人厌恶。在此，我们研究了唤醒在塑造风险和模糊决策下的价值表征及后续选择中的作用。为了探究唤醒与不确定性决策之间的关系，我们在风险和模糊情境下的赌博选择过程中，测量皮肤电导率反应——一种反映交感神经系统唤醒的可量化指标。为了量化风险和模糊性敏感性的离散影响以及所考虑的每个选项的主观价值，我们对波动的不确定性以及通过赌博可获得的金钱数额进行建模。结果显示，尽管无论不确定性类型如何，唤醒都跟踪彩票的主观价值，但唤醒对价值计算的贡献存在差异——也就是说，选择取决于不确定性是风险还是模糊性：仅当彩票风险很高时，增强的唤醒会适应性地降低冒险行为，但当获胜概率模糊时（即使在控制主观价值之后），唤醒会增加冒险行为。总之，这表明在不确定性决策过程中，唤醒的作用具有调节性，且高度依赖于决策所构建的背景。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》
