School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 8;24(1):2729. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20241-1.
The multidimensional health poverty afflicting rural women of reproductive age bears profound implications for the sustainable development of families, societies, and healthy villages. Elucidating vulnerable groups at risk of multidimensional health poverty and delineating its determinants can inform refinements and implementation of health-poverty alleviation policies.
Based on the 2022 "Health Status and Health Service Utilization" survey data in rural Ningxia, China, this study analyzes the dimension of health status, capacity for health service utilization, health expenditure and security using the A-F dual-threshold method, logit model, and probit model. It comprehensively evaluates multidimensional health poverty and analyzes its determining factors among rural women of childbearing age.
With k set at 0.3, the health multidimensional poverty index, incidence, and intensity among rural women of reproductive age were 0.021, 0.053, and 0.392, respectively. Chronic illness, capacity for free gynecological examination utilization, health examination utilization, and borrowing due to illness contributed significantly to multidimensional health poverty. Risk factors for multidimensional health poverty among rural women of childbearing age include age, unemployment, family size, and lack of sanitary toilets. Protective factors include being married, educational level, non-farm or student occupation, receiving government support, separate housing and kitchen, owning a television and computer.
Even with the elimination of absolute poverty, the multidimensional health poverty situation among rural women remains important from a gender perspective. It is recommended to strengthen economic assistance and health service support for these groups, improve the level of rural health services from a gender perspective, and enhance housing structure and sanitation toilet usage in rural areas. Efforts should be made to narrow the digital divide in rural areas and promote digital health education. Pre-interventions on multidimensional health poverty can provide new pathways for the development, empowerment, and well-being of rural women of childbearing age.
农村育龄期妇女所面临的多维健康贫困问题，对家庭、社会和健康村庄的可持续发展有着深远的影响。阐明处于多维健康贫困风险中的脆弱群体，并描绘其决定因素，可以为完善和实施健康扶贫政策提供信息。
本研究基于 2022 年中国宁夏农村“健康状况与卫生服务利用”调查数据，采用 A-F 双门槛法、Logit 模型和 Probit 模型，从健康状况维度、卫生服务利用能力维度、健康支出与保障维度三个方面，对农村育龄期妇女的多维健康贫困状况进行分析，并对其影响因素进行综合评价。
k 值取 0.3 时，农村育龄期妇女的健康多维贫困指数、发生率和强度分别为 0.021、0.053 和 0.392。患有慢性病、能够免费进行妇科检查、进行健康检查以及因患病而借款，对多维健康贫困有显著影响。农村育龄期妇女多维健康贫困的风险因素包括年龄、失业、家庭规模和缺乏卫生厕所。多维健康贫困的保护因素包括已婚、教育水平、非农业或学生职业、获得政府支持、单独的住房和厨房、拥有电视和电脑。
即使消除了绝对贫困，农村妇女的多维健康贫困状况仍需从性别角度予以重视。建议加强对这些群体的经济援助和卫生服务支持，从性别视角提高农村卫生服务水平，改善农村住房结构和卫生厕所使用情况。努力缩小农村地区的数字鸿沟，促进农村地区的数字健康教育。对多维健康贫困进行早期干预，可以为农村育龄期妇女的发展、赋权和福祉提供新途径。
