Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia.
Vascular Surgery Department, A. V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery, 27 Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya Street, 117997Moscow, Russia.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2024 Oct 8;70(9):148-155. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2024.70.9.21.
Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelial activation, followed by a cascade of events (accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification) triggering vasoconstriction and activation of inflammatory pathways. This review focuses on the various stages in the development of atherosclerosis, ranging from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture. In addition, disorders of lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism in atherosclerosis are considered here. The key pathological stages of metabolism disruption and their role in atherosclerosis are considered in detail which may be helpful for the more better understanding of atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Finally, some therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating lipid metabolism will also be presented which show the therapeutic targets (enzymes and transport proteins) which modulation can prevent further deterioration of patients symptoms.
动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病 (CVD) 的主要危险因素，CVD 是全球范围内的主要致死原因。动脉粥样硬化由内皮细胞激活引发，随后发生一系列事件（脂质、纤维成分和钙化的积累），导致血管收缩和炎症途径激活。本综述重点介绍了动脉粥样硬化发展的各个阶段，从内皮功能障碍到斑块破裂。此外，还考虑了动脉粥样硬化中脂质、葡萄糖和氨基酸代谢的紊乱。详细考虑了代谢紊乱的关键病理阶段及其在动脉粥样硬化中的作用，这可能有助于更好地了解动脉粥样硬化的发病机制。最后，还介绍了一些旨在调节脂质代谢的治疗方法，这些方法表明了可以预防患者症状进一步恶化的调节治疗靶点（酶和转运蛋白）。
