State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 Oct 22;58(42):18940-18949. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05449. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
Tire wear particles (TWPs) released during vehicle driving can enter water bodies, leading to leaching of tire additives (TAs) in aquatic environments. However, the transformation behavior and related ecological impacts of TAs and their transformation products (TPs) remain unclear. In this study, laboratory-based simulation experiments and field investigations were conducted to explore the transformation mechanisms and ecological risks of TAs. After being placed in river water for 24 h, about 7-95% of 12 investigated TAs in TWPs were leached. Forty-eight TPs from eight TAs were tentatively identified along with different transformation pathways via suspect screening by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Semiquantitative results indicated that TPs derived from -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-'-phenyl--phenylene-diamine (6PPD) were predominant in leachates, while aryl hydrolysis and quinone pathways were the main transformation pathways. Field investigations on urban surface water samples from 16 sites in Hong Kong revealed the occurrence of 17 TAs and 1 TP, with concentrations ranging from 13.9 to 2230 ng/L (median ± standard deviation: 226 ± 534 ng/L). Sixteen TPs from six TAs were additionally identified via suspect screening. It is estimated that 6PPD-quinone and seven TAs could pose medium to high ecological risk, while -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-'-phenyl--quinonediimine, a frequently detected TP, was identified as a persistent-bioaccumulative-toxic substance.
轮胎磨损颗粒（Tire wear particles，TWPs）在车辆行驶过程中释放到水体中，导致轮胎添加剂（Tire additives，TAs）在水生环境中浸出。然而，TAs 及其转化产物（Transformation products，TPs）的转化行为和相关生态影响仍不清楚。本研究通过实验室模拟实验和野外调查，探讨了 TAs 的转化机制和生态风险。将 TWPs 置于河水 24 h 后，12 种被调查 TAs 中有约 7-95%被浸出。通过高分辨质谱的嫌疑筛选，共鉴定出 48 种来自 8 种 TAs 的 TPs，并提出了不同的转化途径。半定量结果表明，6PPD（-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-'-phenyl--phenylene-diamine）衍生的 TPs 在浸出液中占主导地位，而芳基水解和醌途径是主要的转化途径。对香港 16 个地点的城市地表水样品进行野外调查，共检出 17 种 TAs 和 1 种 TP，浓度范围为 13.9-2230 ng/L（中位数±标准差：226±534 ng/L）。通过嫌疑筛选，还鉴定出 16 种 TPs 来自 6 种 TAs。研究估计，6PPD-醌和 7 种 TAs 可能构成中到高生态风险，而经常检测到的 TP-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-'-phenyl--quinonediimine 则被鉴定为持久性生物蓄积性毒性物质。
