Department of Biomedical Engineering, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;281(Pt 2):136384. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136384. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
Nowadays, bone injuries and disorders have increased all over the world and can reduce the quality of human life. Bone tissue engineering repair approaches require new biomaterials and methods to construct scaffolds with the required structural properties as well as improved performance. As potential therapeutic strategies in bone tissue engineering, 3D printed scaffolds have been developed. Polycaprolactone/Ceramic composites have attracted considerable attention due to their cytocompatibility, biodegradability, and physical properties. In this study, a 3D printing process was used to create polycaprolactone (PCL)-Gelatin (GEL) scaffolds containing varying concentrations of Bioglass (BG) and Nano Montmorillonite (MMT). This mixture was then loaded into a 3D printer, and the scaffolds were printed layer by layer. After constructing the scaffolds, they were then examined for their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Surface appearance was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which revealed that NC increased the diameter of pores from 465 to 480 μm. The elements in the scaffolds were evaluated by EDX analysis, and a uniform dispersion of nano montmorillonite particles was observed. The compressive strength reached 76.43 MPa for PCL/G/35 %MMT/15 %BG scaffold. Also, the rate of water absorption, biodegradability and bioactivity of PCL-GEL scaffolds increased significantly in the presence of NC. According to the MTT cell test results, adding BG and NC increased cell proliferation, adhesion and cell viability to 127.7 %. These findings indicated that the 3D printed PCL/G/35 %MMT/15 %BG scaffold has promising strategies for bone repair applications. Also, polynomial curve fitting shows that scaffold degradability after soaking in PBS can be predicted using the initial weight and soaking time. Adding more variables and data could improve prediction accuracy, reducing the need for experiments and conserving resources.
如今，世界各地的骨骼损伤和疾病都有所增加，这降低了人类的生活质量。骨组织工程修复方法需要新的生物材料和方法来构建具有所需结构特性和改进性能的支架。作为骨组织工程的潜在治疗策略，已经开发了 3D 打印支架。由于其细胞相容性、生物降解性和物理性能，聚己内酯/陶瓷复合材料引起了相当大的关注。在这项研究中，使用 3D 打印工艺来制造含有不同浓度 Bioglass（BG）和纳米蒙脱土（MMT）的聚己内酯（PCL）-明胶（GEL）支架。然后将该混合物装入 3D 打印机中，并将支架逐层打印。构建支架后，对其物理、化学和生物学特性进行了检查。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析表面外观，发现 NC 增加了孔径从 465 增加到 480μm。通过 EDX 分析评估支架中的元素，观察到纳米蒙脱土颗粒均匀分散。PCL/G/35%MMT/15%BG 支架的压缩强度达到 76.43MPa。此外，在存在 NC 的情况下，PCL-GEL 支架的吸水率、生物降解性和生物活性显著提高。根据 MTT 细胞试验结果，添加 BG 和 NC 可将细胞增殖、粘附和细胞活力提高到 127.7%。这些发现表明，3D 打印的 PCL/G/35%MMT/15%BG 支架具有有前途的骨修复应用策略。此外，多项式曲线拟合表明，通过初始重量和浸泡时间可以预测 PBS 浸泡后支架的降解性。添加更多变量和数据可以提高预测精度，减少实验需求并节约资源。
