Lee Hyo-Jun, Maruoka Keiji
Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Republic of Korea.
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
Nat Rev Chem. 2024 Nov;8(11):851-869. doi: 10.1038/s41570-024-00642-x. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
Over the past three decades, chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs) have emerged as highly successful organocatalysts in a diverse range of asymmetric reactions. A substantial number of chiral PTCs have now already been discovered and utilized in dependable routes to enantioenriched products. These extend beyond the classical cationic PTCs with the emergence of anionic phase-transfer catalysis and hydrogen-bonding phase-transfer catalysis providing new asymmetric synthetic approaches. Nevertheless, the application level of chiral PTCs in both academic and industrial processes is below our expectation. This Review highlights the notable advances in chiral PTCs, including challenges, limitations and efforts to overcome them. Following this, the potential for sustainable chiral PTCs is described with a focus on using photocatalysed, flow and electrochemical synthesis.
在过去三十年中，手性相转移催化剂（PTCs）已成为各类不对称反应中非常成功的有机催化剂。现在已经发现了大量手性PTCs，并将其用于可靠的对映体富集产物合成路线中。随着阴离子相转移催化和氢键相转移催化的出现，这些催化剂已超越了传统的阳离子PTCs，提供了新的不对称合成方法。然而，手性PTCs在学术和工业过程中的应用水平低于我们的预期。本综述重点介绍了手性PTCs的显著进展，包括挑战、局限性以及克服这些问题的努力。在此之后，描述了可持续手性PTCs的潜力，重点是光催化、流动和电化学合成。
