Recent Advances in Bonding Regulation of Metalloporphyrin-Modified Carbon-Based Catalysts for Accelerating Energy Electrocatalytic Applications.

Metalloporphyrins modified carbon-based materials, owing to the excellent acid-base resistance, optimal electron transfer rates, and superior catalytic performance, have shown great potential in energy electrocatalysis. Recently, numerous efforts have concentrated on employing carbon-based substrates as platforms to anchor metalloporphyrins, thereby fabricating a diverse array of composite catalysts tailored for assorted electrocatalytic processes. However, the interplay through bonding regulation of metalloporphyrins with carbon materials and the resultant enhancement in catalyst performance remains inadequately elucidated. Gaining an in-depth comprehension of the synergistic interactions between metalloporphyrins and carbon-based materials within the realm of electrocatalysis is imperative for advancing the development of innovative composite catalysts. Herein, the review systematically classifies the binding modes (i.e., covalent grafting and non-covalent interactions) between carbon-based materials and metalloporphyrins, followed by a discussion on the structural characteristics and applications of metalloporphyrins supported on various carbon-based substrates, categorized according to their binding modes. Additionally, this review underscores the principal challenges and emerging opportunities for carbon-supported metalloporphyrin composite catalysts, offering both inspiration and methodological insights for researchers involved in the design and application of these advanced catalytic systems.