do Nascimento Thaianne Hanah Oliveira, Pereira-Figueiredo Danniel, Veroneze Louise, Nascimento Amanda Alves, De Logu Francesco, Nassini Romina, Campello-Costa Paula, Faria-Melibeu Adriana da Cunha, Souza Monteiro de Araújo Daniel, Calaza Karin Costa
Laboratory Neurobiology of the Retina, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Biomedical Sciences, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratory Neurobiology of the Retina, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2024 Sep 25;17:1459083. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1459083. eCollection 2024.
The Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) constitutes a family of channels subdivided into seven subfamilies: Ankyrin (TRPA), Canonical (TRPC), Melastatin (TRPM), Mucolipin (TRPML), no-mechano-potential C (TRPN), Polycystic (TRPP), and Vanilloid (TRPV). Although they are structurally similar to one another, the peculiarities of each subfamily are key to the response to stimuli and the signaling pathway that each one triggers. TRPs are non-selective cation channels, most of which are permeable to Ca, which is a well-established second messenger that modulates several intracellular signaling pathways and is involved in physiological and pathological conditions in various cell types. TRPs depolarize excitable cells by increasing the influx of Ca, Na, and other cations. Most TRP families are activated by temperature variations, membrane stretching, or chemical agents and, therefore, are defined as polymodal channels. All TPRs are expressed, at some level, in the central nervous system (CNS) and ocular-related structures, such as the retina and optic nerve (ON), except the TRPP in the ON. TRPC, TRPM, TRPV, and TRPML are found in the retinal pigmented cells, whereas only TRPA1 and TRPM are detected in the uvea. Accordingly, several studies have focused on the search to unravel the role of TRPs in physiological and pathological conditions related to the eyes. Thus, this review aims to shed light on endogenous and exogenous modulators, triggered cell signaling pathways, and localization and roles of each subfamily of TRP channels in physiological and pathological conditions in the retina, optic nerve, and retinal pigmented epithelium of vertebrates.
瞬时受体电位（TRP）构成了一个通道家族，可细分为七个亚家族：锚蛋白（TRPA）、典型型（TRPC）、褪黑素型（TRPM）、黏脂素型（TRPML）、无机械电位C型（TRPN）、多囊蛋白型（TRPP）和香草酸型（TRPV）。尽管它们在结构上彼此相似，但每个亚家族的特性是对刺激作出反应以及各自触发的信号通路的关键。TRP是非选择性阳离子通道，其中大多数对Ca通透，Ca是一种成熟的第二信使，可调节多种细胞内信号通路，并参与各种细胞类型的生理和病理状况。TRP通过增加Ca、Na和其他阳离子的内流使可兴奋细胞去极化。大多数TRP家族可被温度变化、膜拉伸或化学试剂激活，因此被定义为多模态通道。除了视神经中的TRPP外，所有TRP在中枢神经系统（CNS）和与眼相关的结构（如视网膜和视神经（ON））中都有一定程度的表达。TRPC、TRPM、TRPV和TRPML存在于视网膜色素细胞中，而在葡萄膜中仅检测到TRPA1和TRPM。因此，多项研究致力于探索TRP在与眼睛相关的生理和病理状况中的作用。因此，本综述旨在阐明内源性和外源性调节剂、触发的细胞信号通路以及TRP通道各亚家族在脊椎动物视网膜、视神经和视网膜色素上皮的生理和病理状况中的定位及作用。
