Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States.
The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
Front Immunol. 2024 Sep 25;15:1469794. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1469794. eCollection 2024.
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a tandem-repeat galectin with diverse roles in immune homeostasis, inflammation, malignancy, and autoimmune diseases. In cancer, Gal-9 displays variable expression patterns across different tumor types. Its interactions with multiple binding partners, both intracellularly and extracellularly, influence key cellular processes, including immune cell modulation and tumor microenvironment dynamics. Notably, Gal-9 binding to cell-specific glycoconjugate ligands has been implicated in both promoting and suppressing tumor progression. Here, we provide insights into Gal-9 and its involvement in immune homeostasis and cancer biology with an emphasis on multiple myeloma (MM) pathophysiology, highlighting its complex and context-dependent dual functions as a pro- and anti-tumorigenic molecule and its potential implications for therapy in MM patients.
半乳糖凝集素-9（Gal-9）是一种串联重复半乳糖凝集素，在免疫稳态、炎症、恶性肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病中具有多种作用。在癌症中，Gal-9 在不同肿瘤类型中的表达模式存在差异。它与多种结合伴侣的相互作用，无论是在细胞内还是细胞外，都会影响关键的细胞过程，包括免疫细胞的调节和肿瘤微环境的动态变化。值得注意的是，Gal-9 与细胞特异性糖缀合物配体的结合被认为既促进又抑制肿瘤的进展。在这里，我们提供了对半乳糖凝集素-9 的深入了解及其在免疫稳态和癌症生物学中的作用，重点介绍了多发性骨髓瘤（MM）病理生理学，强调了它作为一种促肿瘤和抗肿瘤分子的复杂和上下文相关的双重功能，以及它对 MM 患者治疗的潜在影响。
