Sikder Sweta, Bhattacharya Aditya, Agrawal Aayushi, Sethi Gautam, Kundu Tapas K
Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, 560064, India.
Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 20;10(19):e38193. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38193. eCollection 2024 Oct 15.
Breast cancer is a highly complex disease with multiple subtypes. While many of the breast cancer cases are sporadic some can be familial or hereditary. Genomic integrity is closely monitored by several mechanisms, such as DNA damage machinery and mitotic checkpoints. Any defect in the key genes involved in the regulation of these mechanisms often results in genomic instability, predisposing the cells to malignancy. This results in altered expression of many coding and noncoding genes. The noncoding RNAs especially the long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) and microRNA (miRNAs) act as key regulators of cancer gene networks. Some miRNAs repress the expression of the heterochromatin-associated proteins, inducing the formation of open chromatin, and promoting the expression of genes required for oncogenesis. Additionally, specific miRNAs may also favour cancer progression and metastasis by regulating the expression of genes that support the metabolic microenvironment essential for cancer cell growth and proliferation. Understanding how these noncoding RNAs contribute to breast cancer development opens potential avenues for therapeutic intervention, targeting their dysregulated activity.
乳腺癌是一种高度复杂的疾病，有多种亚型。虽然许多乳腺癌病例是散发性的，但有些可能是家族性或遗传性的。基因组完整性受到多种机制的密切监测，如DNA损伤机制和有丝分裂检查点。参与这些机制调控的关键基因的任何缺陷通常会导致基因组不稳定，使细胞易患恶性肿瘤。这导致许多编码基因和非编码基因的表达发生改变。非编码RNA，尤其是长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）和微小RNA（miRNA），是癌症基因网络的关键调节因子。一些miRNA抑制异染色质相关蛋白的表达，诱导开放染色质的形成，并促进肿瘤发生所需基因的表达。此外，特定的miRNA还可能通过调节支持癌细胞生长和增殖所必需的代谢微环境的基因表达，促进癌症进展和转移。了解这些非编码RNA如何促进乳腺癌发展，为针对其失调活性的治疗干预开辟了潜在途径。
