Reproductive Experiences of Physicians in Medical and Surgical Subspecialties.

To evaluate the reproductive experiences of physicians across gender and specialty. Between November and December 2021, we surveyed nontrainee physicians of all genders at a single quaternary institution using a modified version of an existing survey instrument. Experiences with family planning, fertility, pregnancy, and parental leave were assessed. There were 422 completed responses. Respondents reported a higher prevalence of infertility as compared to the general U.S. population (26% versus 19%), with no difference in infertility or obstetrical complications by specialty. Most respondents (75%) reported stigma regarding having children in medicine, and 71% reported delaying childbearing. These trends were strongest in the subanalysis of female respondents. Forty-five percent of respondents reported that their work increased the risk for subfertility, infertility, or pregnancy complications. Surgeons were significantly more likely to report physically demanding work conditions (75% versus 30%, < 0.001), radiation exposure (39% versus 14%, < 0.001), and bloodborne pathogen exposure (25% versus 12%, = 0.03) as occupational reproductive hazards. Only 55% of respondents with a pregnancy history reported ever taking parental leave. Among those who took less than the full amount offered, 63% cited concerns about falling behind educationally or professionally as significantly influencing this decision. These results support previous trends showing delayed childbearing and increased infertility among physicians while shedding new light on stigma associated with childbearing and parental leave. A better understanding of the reproductive experiences of physicians is critical to recruiting and retaining a skilled workforce and fostering career and life satisfaction in this profession.