Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710055, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Oct;31(50):59795-59818. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34614-x. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
Petroleum contamination remains a worldwide issue requiring cost-effective bioremediation techniques. However, establishing a universal bioremediation strategy for all types of oil-polluted sites is challenging. This difficulty arises from the heterogeneity of soil textures, the complexity of oil products, and the variations in local climate and environment across different oil-contaminated regions. Several factors can impede bioremediation efficacy: (i) differences in bioavailability and biodegradability between aliphatic and aromatic fractions of crude oil; (ii) inconsistencies between hydrocarbon removal efficiency and toxicity attenuation during remediation; (iii) varying adverse effect of aliphatic and aromatic fractions on soil microorganisms. This review examines the ecotoxicity risk of petroleum contamination to soil fauna and flora. It also discusses three primary bioremediation strategies: biostimulation with nutrients, bioaugmentation with petroleum degraders, and phytoremediation with plants. Based on current research and state-of-the-art challenges, we highlighted future research scopes should focus on (i) exploring the ecotoxicity differentiation of aliphatic and aromatic fractions of crude oil, (ii) establishing unified risk factors and indicators for evaluating oil pollution toxicity, (iii) determining the fate and transformation of aliphatic and aromatic fractions of crude oil using advanced analytical techniques, and (iv) developing combined bioremediation techniques that improve petroleum removal and ecotoxicity attenuation.
石油污染仍然是一个全球性问题，需要经济有效的生物修复技术。然而，为所有类型的油污染场地建立通用的生物修复策略具有挑战性。这种困难源于土壤质地的异质性、石油产品的复杂性以及不同石油污染地区的气候和环境的变化。有几个因素会阻碍生物修复的效果：（i）原油中脂肪族和芳香族馏分的生物可利用性和生物降解性的差异；（ii）在修复过程中烃去除效率与毒性衰减之间的不一致；（iii）脂肪族和芳香族馏分对土壤微生物的不同不利影响。本综述考察了石油污染对土壤动植物的生态毒性风险。它还讨论了三种主要的生物修复策略：营养物的生物刺激、石油降解菌的生物增强和植物的植物修复。基于当前的研究和最先进的挑战，我们强调未来的研究范围应侧重于：（i）探索原油中脂肪族和芳香族馏分的生态毒性差异；（ii）建立统一的风险因素和指标，用于评估石油污染毒性；（iii）使用先进的分析技术确定原油中脂肪族和芳香族馏分的归宿和转化；（iv）开发提高石油去除和生态毒性衰减的联合生物修复技术。
