Mechanical properties and biocompatibility characterization of 3D printed collagen type II/silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid scaffold.

Damage to articular cartilage is irreversible and its ability to heal is minimal. The development of articular cartilage in tissue engineering requires suitable biomaterials as scaffolds that provide a 3D natural microenvironment for the development and growth of articular cartilage. This study aims to investigate the applicability of a 3D printed CSH (collagen type II/silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid) scaffold for constructing cartilage tissue engineering. The results showed that the composite scaffold had a three-dimensional porous network structure with uniform pore sizes and good connectivity. The hydrophilicity of the composite scaffold was 1071.7 ± 131.6%, the porosity was 85.12 ± 1.6%, and the compressive elastic modulus was 36.54 ± 2.28 kPa. The creep and stress relaxation constitutive models were also established, which could well describe the visco-elastic mechanical behavior of the scaffold. The biocompatibility experiments showed that the CSH scaffold was very suitable for the adhesion and proliferation of chondrocytes. Under dynamic compressive loading conditions, it was able to promote cell adhesion and proliferation on the scaffold surface. The 3D printed CSH scaffold is expected to be ideal for promoting articular cartilage regeneration.