Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom; SPECTRUM Consortium, United Kingdom.
Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom; SPECTRUM Consortium, United Kingdom.
Int J Drug Policy. 2024 Nov;133:104615. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104615. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
This study aimed to estimate time trends in alcohol expenditure among risky drinkers in England over the past decade, to understand whether these trends are driven by changes in prices paid or volumes purchased, and to explore differences between population subgroups.
Nationally-representative monthly cross-sectional survey. Participants were 44,382 adults (≥18y) drinking at risky levels (AUDIT-C ≥ 5; 'risky drinkers'). Linear regression modelled trends between March-2014 and October-2023 in (i) mean weekly inflation-adjusted expenditure on alcohol, (ii) mean weekly alcohol consumption in units, and (iii) mean inflation-adjusted expenditure per unit of alcohol, overall and by age, gender, social grade, region, and smoking status.
There was an uncertain decrease in mean weekly expenditure from £18.90 [95 %CI=£18.30-£19.50] in March-2014 to £17.90 [£17.60-£18.30] in May-2016, then an uncertain increase to £18.60 [£18.30-£18.90] between May-2016 and June-2018. This was followed by a further decline to £16.90 [£16.60-£17.30] by April-2021 and subsequent rise to £18.60 [£17.90-£19.40] by October-2023. Changes in weekly alcohol expenditure were more closely mirrored by changes in mean expenditure per unit of alcohol than by changes in mean weekly alcohol consumption in units. Notable subgroup differences included sharp rises in weekly alcohol expenditure since 2021 among younger ages (driven by a rise in expenditure per unit of alcohol) and current smokers (driven by a rise in weekly units of alcohol consumed).
In England, the average amount adult risky drinkers reported spending on alcohol each week has fluctuated since 2014, with a notable decrease around the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and a subsequent rise since restrictions were lifted and since the cost-of-living crisis has led to high rates of inflation. Except for current smokers, this pattern appears to have been driven predominantly by changes in the price paid per unit rather than changes in consumption.
本研究旨在估算过去十年中英国风险饮酒者的酒精支出时间趋势，了解这些趋势是由支付价格变化还是购买量变化驱动的，并探讨人口亚组之间的差异。
全国代表性月度横断面调查。参与者为 44382 名（≥18 岁）饮酒量处于危险水平（AUDIT-C≥5；“风险饮酒者”）的成年人。线性回归模型分析了 2014 年 3 月至 2023 年 10 月期间（i）每周通胀调整后酒精支出的平均值，（ii）每周酒精摄入量（单位）的平均值，（iii）每周通胀调整后每单位酒精支出的平均值，总体上和按年龄、性别、社会等级、地区和吸烟状况进行分析。
在 2014 年 3 月至 2016 年 5 月期间，每周支出的平均通胀调整后支出从£18.90[95%CI=£18.30-£19.50]不确定下降至£17.90[£17.60-£18.30]，然后在 2016 年 5 月至 2018 年 6 月期间不确定上升至£18.60[£18.30-£18.90]。随后，在 2021 年 4 月之前进一步下降至£16.90[£16.60-£17.30]，随后在 2023 年 10 月上升至£18.60[£17.90-£19.40]。每周酒精支出的变化更接近单位平均支出的变化，而不是每周酒精摄入量的变化。值得注意的亚组差异包括自 2021 年以来年轻人每周酒精支出的大幅增长（由单位酒精支出的增长驱动）和当前吸烟者（由每周酒精摄入量的增长驱动）。
在英格兰，自 2014 年以来，成年风险饮酒者每周报告的酒精支出平均值一直在波动，2020 年 COVID-19 大流行开始时出现显著下降，此后随着限制措施的放宽以及生活成本危机导致高通胀率，支出又有所上升。除了当前吸烟者外，这种模式似乎主要由单位支付价格的变化而不是消费的变化驱动。
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