Nawaz Saqib, Wang Zhihao, Zhang Yan, Jia Yuanzheng, Jiang Wei, Chen Zhaoguo, Yin Huifang, Huang Cuiqin, Han Xiangan
Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China.
Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China.
Poult Sci. 2024 Dec;103(12):104359. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104359. Epub 2024 Sep 28.
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in avian species, and new investigations have implicated APEC as a possible foodborne zoonotic pathogen. This review analyzes APEC's pathogenic and virulence features, assesses the zoonotic potential, provides an update on antibiotic resistance and vaccine research efforts, and outlines alternate management approaches. Aside from established virulence factors, various additional components, including 2-component systems (TCS), adhesins, secretion systems (SS), invasions, iron acquisition systems, quorum sensing systems (QS), transcriptional regulators (TR), toxins, and genes linked with metabolism, contribute to APEC pathogenesis. APEC may spread to diverse species of birds in all business sectors and can infect birds of varying ages. However, younger birds experience more severe sickness than mature ones, probably due to their developing immune systems, and stress factors such as vaccination, Mycoplasma Infections, poor housing circumstances, respiratory viruses, and other risk factors for secondary infections can all make APEC both primary and secondary pathogens. Understanding these factors will help in generating new and effective treatments. Moreover, APEC O145 was the most prevalent serotype recently reported in all of China. Thus, the APEC's zoonotic potential should not be underrated. Furthermore, it has already been noted that APEC is resistant to almost all antibiotic classes, including carbapenems. A robust vaccine capable of protecting against multiple APEC serotypes is urgently needed. Alternative medications, particularly virulence inhibitors, can provide a special method with a decreased likelihood of acquiring resistance.
禽致病性大肠杆菌（APEC）可导致禽类发生大肠杆菌病，并且新的调查表明APEC可能是一种食源性人畜共患病原体。本综述分析了APEC的致病和毒力特征，评估其人畜共患病潜力，提供抗生素耐药性和疫苗研究工作的最新情况，并概述替代管理方法。除了已确定的毒力因子外，各种其他成分，包括双组分系统（TCS）、黏附素、分泌系统（SS）、侵袭蛋白、铁获取系统、群体感应系统（QS）、转录调节因子（TR）、毒素以及与代谢相关的基因，都对APEC的发病机制有影响。APEC可传播到所有商业部门的各种鸟类，并可感染不同年龄的鸟类。然而，幼鸟比成年鸟患病更严重，这可能是由于它们正在发育的免疫系统，以及诸如疫苗接种、支原体感染、恶劣的饲养环境、呼吸道病毒等应激因素和其他继发感染的风险因素，都可使APEC成为原发性和继发性病原体。了解这些因素将有助于开发新的有效治疗方法。此外，APEC O145是最近在中国各地报道的最普遍的血清型。因此，APEC的人畜共患病潜力不应被低估。此外，已经注意到APEC对几乎所有抗生素类别都具有耐药性，包括碳青霉烯类。迫切需要一种能够预防多种APEC血清型的强效疫苗。替代药物，特别是毒力抑制剂，可以提供一种获得耐药性可能性降低的特殊方法。
