Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA.
Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Eat Behav. 2024 Dec;55:101926. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101926. Epub 2024 Oct 4.
Recent findings suggest positive associations between intermittent fasting (IF, i.e., an eating pattern that consists of alternating between consuming and abstaining calories over specified periods of time) and disordered eating (DE), including binge eating, laxative use, and self-induced vomiting. However, as not all individuals who engage in IF present with DE, the current study aimed to investigate whether 1) IF was associated with elevated DE, and 2) impulse control difficulties differentially predict DE in intermittent fasters compared to non-intermittent fasters.
Participants included 929 undergraduates (M = 19.8, SD = 2.97) from a university in the United States. IF was assessed with a single item question, "Do you intentionally engage in intermittent fasting in order to lose/maintain your weight or due to health-related motivations?" The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire was used to measure DE (i.e., global score, restraint, eating, shape, and weight concerns). One subscale from the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale was used to measure impulse control difficulties. Hierarchal regressions examined whether impulse control difficulties moderated the relationship between IF and DE while controlling for age, gender, race, and ethnicity.
IF was significantly associated with all DE outcomes. Adjusted analyses indicated that impulse control difficulties moderated the relationship between IF and two DE outcomes (i.e., global score (b = 0.038, se = 0.017, t = 2.17, p < 0.05) and restraint (b = 0.042, se = 0.019, t = 2.22, p < 0.05)).
These results support previous literature that suggests an association between IF and elevated DE. Further, individuals engaging in IF with impulse control difficulties may experience more feelings of restraint towards eating and increased overall DE though effects were small. Future research delineating who is at highest risk for DE when engaging in IF is needed.
最近的研究结果表明，间歇性禁食（IF，即一种在特定时间段内交替摄入和禁食卡路里的饮食模式）与饮食失调（DE）之间存在正相关关系，包括暴食、使用泻药和自我催吐。然而，并非所有进行 IF 的人都表现出 DE，因此本研究旨在调查 1）IF 是否与升高的 DE 相关，以及 2）冲动控制困难是否在间歇性禁食者中比非间歇性禁食者更能预测 DE。
参与者包括来自美国一所大学的 929 名本科生（M=19.8，SD=2.97）。IF 采用一个单项问题进行评估，“您是否有意进行间歇性禁食以减轻/维持体重或出于健康相关的动机？”使用饮食失调检查问卷（EDE-Q）测量 DE（即总分、抑制、进食、体型和体重关注）。使用情绪调节困难量表（DERS）的一个子量表来衡量冲动控制困难。层次回归分析在控制年龄、性别、种族和民族的情况下，检验了冲动控制困难是否调节了 IF 和 DE 之间的关系。
IF 与所有 DE 结果均显著相关。调整分析表明，冲动控制困难调节了 IF 和两个 DE 结果之间的关系（即总分（b=0.038，se=0.017，t=2.17，p<0.05）和抑制（b=0.042，se=0.019，t=2.22，p<0.05））。
这些结果支持了先前的研究结果，表明 IF 和升高的 DE 之间存在关联。此外，患有冲动控制困难的 IF 参与者可能会经历更多的进食抑制感和整体 DE 升高，尽管影响较小。需要进一步研究，以确定哪些人在进行 IF 时面临最高的 DE 风险。
